If we were to fill a bottle with boiling hot water than place it in a bucket filled with cold water what would happen to the bottle and why?
i know the bottle would get crushed inwards but whats the science behind this can someone explain?
Water gas condenses to water liquid resulting in fewer molecules of gas and thus lower pressure. Since the atmospheric pressure is unchanged, the higher atm pressure pushes in on the walls of the bottle to compensate for the reduced pressure. Combination of charles law (condensation) and boyles law (decreasing volume - crushing of bottle to smaller volume - compensates for the condensation of water gas to liquid water. If the bottle volume did not decrease the pressure inside the bottle would decrease to well below the outside atmospheric pressure.
When you place a bottle filled with boiling hot water into a bucket filled with cold water, the bottle will indeed likely experience an inward collapse. This is because of a phenomenon called thermal shock.
The bottle initially contains hot water, which means the air inside the bottle is also hot and expands. When you immerse the bottle into the cold water, the temperature difference between the hot bottle and the cold water causes rapid heat transfer.
As the hot bottle comes into contact with the cooler water, the air inside the bottle starts to cool down quickly. As the air cools, it contracts and occupies less volume. With the opening of the bottle being sealed or tightly closed, the reduction in air volume creates a partial vacuum inside the bottle.
The pressure inside the bottle decreases due to the contracting air, while the external atmospheric pressure remains the same. This pressure imbalance leads to a net external pressure that is higher than the internal pressure.
As a result, the greater external pressure compresses the bottle inward, causing it to collapse. This effect is similar to squeezing a plastic bottle with your hand, where the decrease in air volume leads to an internal pressure decrease, causing the bottle to cave in.
It's worth noting that the bottle material and its structural integrity also affect the amount of collapse. Brittle or weaker materials might collapse more easily. Additionally, the rate at which the temperature difference is applied can also contribute to the severity of the collapse.
Overall, the phenomenon of thermal shock causing a bottle filled with boiling water to collapse is a result of the rapid cooling of the air inside the bottle, which creates a pressure imbalance leading to an inward collapse.