According to your reading, factors bearing on population dynamics that may be at the root of social problems include all of the following EXCEPT:


A. economic.


B. spiritual.


C. cultural.


D. political

it's B

To determine the correct answer, we need to identify which of the options is NOT one of the factors bearing on population dynamics that may be at the root of social problems. Let's analyze each option:

A. economic: Economic factors, such as poverty, unemployment, and income inequality, can greatly impact population dynamics and contribute to social problems. Therefore, this is a factor that may be at the root of social problems.

B. spiritual: Spiritual factors, related to religious beliefs, values, and practices, can also have an influence on population dynamics and contribute to social problems. Therefore, this is another factor that may be at the root of social problems.

C. cultural: Cultural factors, including norms, customs, and traditions, can shape population dynamics and influence social problems. Therefore, this is a factor that may be at the root of social problems.

D. political: Political factors, such as government policies, power dynamics, and governance structures, also play a significant role in population dynamics and can contribute to social problems.

Based on the above analysis, all of the options A, B, C, and D are factors that may be at the root of social problems. Therefore, the correct answer is NONE of the above options.