sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid --> sodium chloride + carbonic acid which later decomposes into water + carbon dioxide.
Which one would be the independent, controlled, dependent variable?
i know independent would have to be from the reactant side and dependent from the product but im not sure
To determine the independent, controlled, and dependent variables in the given chemical reaction, let's first define what these terms mean:
Independent variable: This is the variable that is purposely changed or manipulated in an experiment. It is chosen by the experimenter.
Controlled variables: These are the variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure that only the independent variable has an effect on the outcome. They are carefully controlled to minimize their influence on the dependent variable.
Dependent variable: This is the variable being measured in the experiment. It is the outcome that is expected to change as a result of manipulating the independent variable.
Now, let's analyze the given chemical reaction: sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + carbonic acid (which later decomposes into water + carbon dioxide).
In this reaction, there are two reactants (sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid) and two products (sodium chloride and carbonic acid, which later decomposes into water and carbon dioxide).
The independent variable in this reaction would be the amount or concentration of either sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid. The experimenter can choose to vary the amount of one of these reactants to observe its effect on the reaction.
Controlled variables would include factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of any catalysts. These need to be kept constant throughout the experiment.
The dependent variable in this reaction would be the amount or concentration of either sodium chloride, water, or carbon dioxide. This is the variable that will change as a result of manipulating the independent variable.
To summarize:
- Independent variable: The amount or concentration of either sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid.
- Controlled variables: Factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of any catalysts.
- Dependent variable: The amount or concentration of either sodium chloride, water, or carbon dioxide.
It's important to note that in chemistry, the independent, controlled, and dependent variables can vary depending on the experimental design and the specific aspect being studied.