Which of these choices do both sustainable and organic agriculture avoid?

A. Artificial hormones
B. Pesticides
C. USDA certification
D. Antibiotics

a. artificial hormones- apex

To determine which of these choices both sustainable and organic agriculture avoid, we need to understand the principles and practices of sustainable and organic agriculture.

Sustainable agriculture focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It aims to decrease environmental impacts, promote biodiversity, protect natural resources, and maintain the health of ecosystems.

Organic agriculture, on the other hand, is a specific form of sustainable agriculture that follows strict guidelines and regulations. Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic chemicals, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), irradiation, and sewage sludge in the production process.

Now, let's analyze the choices:

A. Artificial hormones: Both sustainable agriculture and organic agriculture usually avoid the use of artificial hormones. These hormones are often used in conventional farming practices to enhance growth or control reproduction in livestock.

B. Pesticides: Both sustainable agriculture and organic agriculture aim to minimize or eliminate the use of synthetic pesticides. Instead, they promote natural pest management techniques such as crop rotation, biological control methods, and the use of organic-approved pesticides.

C. USDA certification: USDA certification is not avoided by sustainable or organic agriculture. In fact, USDA certification is a process through which organic farmers and producers verify that their products meet the organic standards set by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

D. Antibiotics: Sustainable agriculture and organic agriculture have different approaches to antibiotics. In organic farming, the use of antibiotics is generally not allowed, except in exceptional cases, and the treated animals cannot be sold as organic. In sustainable agriculture, antibiotics may be used to treat sick animals, but the emphasis is placed on minimizing their use and promoting animal health through other means.

Therefore, the choice that both sustainable agriculture and organic agriculture avoid is B. Pesticides. Both practices prioritize reducing or eliminating the use of synthetic pesticides and promoting alternative pest management techniques.

Both sustainable and organic agriculture practices avoid the use of artificial hormones, pesticides, and antibiotics. Therefore, the correct choice would be:

A. Artificial hormones
B. Pesticides
D. Antibiotics