How can I make 100ml 0f 2N of HCl? purity is 35% and density is given as 1.18 g/mL
What the concn of the HCl you have? that's
1000 mL x 1.18 g/mL x 0.35 x (1/36.5) = approx 11 N.
Then mL1 x N1 = mL2 x N2
100 mL x 2N = mL2 x 11N
Calculate mL2. That is approx 18 mL.
So take 18 mL of the good stuff, add to a 100 mL volumetric flask, add distilled water to the mark on the flask, mix thoroughly, stopper. I've estimated these numbers; you MUST go through and do them more accurately.
SAFETY NOTE WHEN USING/MIXING STRONG ACID SOLUTION IN WATER: Add X-ml of HCl needed into a small quantity of water ~ 40-ml or so, then dilute to needed volume. Adding water directly into 18 ml of Concentrated HCl will generate so much heat that splash-back is possible and very dangerous. Serious injury can occur. By adding concentrate into a small quantity of water (less that total soln vol) 1st, the chance of acid flash-back is eliminated as the acid is ionized much more slowly and over-heating is not a problem. Always wear safety glasses, rubber gloves and clothing protection when mixing any solutions. Good Luck.
To make 100ml of a 2N HCl solution with a purity of 35% and a density of 1.18 g/mL, you will need to calculate the amount of HCl required and then dilute it to the final volume. Here's a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of HCl
The molar mass of HCl is approximately 36.46 g/mol.
Step 2: Calculate the amount of HCl required in grams
To find the amount of HCl required, use the formula: amount (g) = volume (mL) * density (g/mL)
amount = 100 mL * 1.18 g/mL
Step 3: Convert the amount of HCl to moles
To find the number of moles, use the formula: moles = amount (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
moles = amount (g) / 36.46 g/mol
Step 4: Calculate the volume of concentrated HCl needed
Since the purity is given as 35%, you will need to find the volume of concentrated HCl required. You can use the formula: volume (mL) = (moles * molar mass) / (% purity)
volume = (moles * molar mass) / (% purity)
volume = (moles * 36.46 g/mol) / 0.35
Step 5: Dilute the concentrated HCl to the final volume
After measuring the required volume of concentrated HCl obtained from step 4, you can dilute it to the final volume of 100 mL using distilled water.
Note: Take appropriate safety precautions when working with concentrated acids, such as wearing protective gloves and eyewear, and work in a well-ventilated area.
Please remember that working with hazardous chemicals should be done by trained individuals in a laboratory setting.
To determine how to make 100ml of 2N HCl with a purity of 35% and a given density of 1.18 g/mL, we need to understand the concept of normality (N), molarity (M), and the relationship between moles, volume, and concentration.
1. Determine the molarity of the desired HCl solution:
Since normality (N) for a monoprotic acid like HCl is equal to its molarity (M), we need a 2M HCl solution.
2. Calculate the mass of HCl required:
To find the mass, we can use the formula:
mass = volume × density
mass = 100 ml × 1.18 g/mL
mass = 118 g
3. Determine the mass of pure HCl:
Given that the HCl has a purity of 35%, we need to calculate the mass of pure HCl needed.
mass of pure HCl = mass of HCl × purity in decimal form
mass of pure HCl = 118 g × 0.35
mass of pure HCl = 41.3 g
4. Calculate the moles of pure HCl:
To find the moles, we need to use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of HCl is: 1 g/mol for hydrogen + 35.5 g/mol for chlorine = 36.5 g/mol
moles of pure HCl = 41.3 g / 36.5 g/mol
moles of pure HCl = 1.13 mol
5. Calculate the volume of concentrated HCl solution:
To determine the volume of the concentrated HCl solution needed, we need to use the formula:
moles = concentration (in M) × volume (in liters)
Since we want a 2M solution and we have 1.13 mol of pure HCl:
1.13 mol = 2 M × volume (in liters)
volume (in liters) = 1.13 mol / 2 M
volume (in liters) = 0.565 L
Convert liters to milliliters:
volume (in mL) = 0.565 L × 1000 mL/L
volume (in mL) = 565 mL
6. Dilution with water:
Finally, dilute the concentrated HCl solution to the desired volume (100 mL) by adding water.
Therefore, you need to measure out 565 mL of the 35% HCl solution and dilute it to 100 mL with water to obtain a 2N (2M) HCl solution.
Remember to handle concentrated acids with care and use appropriate safety precautions.