The emperor Marcus Aurelius was a follower of Stoicism. What did stoics teach?
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Stoicism was a philosophical school that originated in ancient Greece and was later embraced by the Romans. The Stoics believed in leading a life focused on virtue, self-control, and acceptance of one's circumstances. Here's how you can explore what the Stoics taught:
1. Read original texts: To gain a deep understanding of Stoic philosophy, you can turn to the writings of ancient Stoic philosophers such as Epictetus, Seneca, and, of course, Marcus Aurelius himself. Some of their notable works include "Enchiridion" by Epictetus, "Letters from a Stoic" by Seneca, and "Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius.
2. Study key concepts: Stoicism revolves around several key concepts, including:
- Virtue: Stoics believed that the highest good in life is living in accordance with virtue, demonstrating qualities like wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance.
- Acceptance of Nature: The Stoics emphasized the importance of accepting and aligning oneself with the natural order of the universe, which they saw as governed by reason.
- Dichotomy of Control: Stoics taught that one should focus only on the things within their control, such as their thoughts, judgments, and actions. External events and circumstances, which are beyond an individual's control, should be accepted with equanimity.
- Mindfulness of the Present: Stoicism emphasizes the importance of living in the present moment, rather than dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. By focusing on the present, individuals can cultivate tranquility and inner peace.
3. Engage with modern interpretations: Stoicism has gained renewed popularity in recent years, and many contemporary authors and thinkers have written about its teachings. Books such as "A Guide to the Good Life" by William B. Irvine and "The Daily Stoic" by Ryan Holiday provide accessible introductions to Stoic philosophy and practical guidance on its application in daily life.
4. Seek out online resources and communities: Numerous websites, podcasts, and forums are dedicated to exploring and discussing Stoic philosophy. These online resources can provide a wealth of information, interpretation, and insights into Stoic teachings.
By exploring these different avenues, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of what the Stoics taught and how their teachings can be applied to our lives today.