commercially available concentrated hydrochloric acid is 37.0% w/w HCl. Its density is 1.18 g/mL. Using this information calculate (a) the molarity of concentrated HCl, and (b) the mass and volume (in mL) of solution containing 0.315 moles of HCl.

1000 mL x 1.18 g/mL x 0.37 x (1/36.5) = ? mols/L = ? M concd HCl.

b.
M = mol/L. You know mols and M, solve for L and convert to mL.
mass = volume x density. You know density and volume, solve for mass.

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To calculate the molarity of concentrated HCl, we need to determine the number of moles of HCl present in 1000 mL (1 L) of the solution.

(a) Molarity is defined as moles of solute divided by liters of solution. We can use the following formula:

Molarity (M) = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of HCl in 1000 mL (1 L) of the solution. The solution is 37% w/w HCl, meaning 37 g of HCl is present in 100 g of the solution.

Mass of HCl = 37.0% * 1000 mL * 1.18 g/mL
= 370 g

Now, let's calculate the number of moles of HCl:
Moles of HCl = (mass of HCl) / (molar mass of HCl)
= 370 g / 36.461 g/mol (Molar mass of HCl)
≈ 10.14 mol

Thus, the molarity of concentrated HCl is approximately 10.14 M.

(b) To calculate the mass of the solution that contains 0.315 moles of HCl, we can use the following formula:

Mass = (moles of HCl) * (molar mass of HCl)

Mass = 0.315 mol * 36.461 g/mol
≈ 11.49 g

To find the volume (in mL) of the solution, we can use the density of the solution:

Volume = (mass of solution) / (density of solution)

Volume = 11.49 g / 1.18 g/mL
≈ 9.75 mL

So, the mass of the solution is approximately 11.49 g, and the volume of the solution is approximately 9.75 mL.

To calculate the molarity of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), we need to know the molecular weight of HCl. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.46 g/mol.

(a) To find the molarity, we need to determine the number of moles of HCl present in 1000 mL (1 L) of the solution.

First, we need to calculate the mass of HCl in 1 L of the solution. Concentrated HCl is 37.0% w/w, which means it contains 37.0 g of HCl for every 100.0 g of solution.

Mass of HCl in 1 L solution = (37.0 / 100) * 1000 g = 370 g

Next, we calculate the number of moles of HCl using the molecular weight:

Number of moles of HCl = mass of HCl / molecular weight
= 370 g / 36.46 g/mol
= 10.14 mol

Therefore, the molarity of the concentrated HCl solution is 10.14 mol/L.

(b) To determine the mass and volume of a solution containing 0.315 moles of HCl, we can use the molarity and the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles (n) / volume (V in L)
Therefore, rearranging the formula: Volume (V in L) = moles (n) / Molarity (M)

Given:
Molarity (M) = 10.14 mol/L
Moles (n) = 0.315 mol

Volume (V in L) = 0.315 mol / 10.14 mol/L
= 0.031 L

To convert the volume from liters to milliliters, multiply by 1000:

Volume (V in mL) = 0.031 L * 1000 mL/L
= 31 mL

Therefore, a solution containing 0.315 moles of HCl has a mass of 31 mL.