1-What are the characteristics of the benzene molecule and those of the obtained product(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclo hexane).
2-The volume of used chlorine Cl when added to benzene is 240cm^3.
What minimal volume of benzene is needed so that all of chlorine reacts?
benzene density=880kg/m^3
molar volume= 24l
1- The benzene molecule (C6H6) has several characteristics:
- Shape: Benzene is a planar molecule with a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms, each bonded to a hydrogen atom.
- Aromaticity: Benzene is an aromatic compound, which means it has a stable and highly delocalized electron cloud in its ring structure.
- Bonding: The carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are alternating single and double bonds, giving it a unique bond structure called delocalized pi bonding.
- Stability: Benzene is a stable molecule with strong resonance of electrons, making it less reactive compared to other hydrocarbons.
- Physical properties: Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet aroma, low boiling point (80.1°C), and a high melting point (5.5°C).
The obtained product, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (C6H6Cl6), also known as Lindane, has the following characteristics:
- Structure: It consists of a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with six chlorine atoms attached to it, one on each carbon atom.
- Toxicity: Hexachlorocyclohexane is a toxic organic compound commonly used as a pesticide.
- Physical properties: It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 135°C.
2- To calculate the minimal volume of benzene needed for the reaction with chlorine, we need to determine the molar volume of benzene and the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Given:
- Volume of chlorine (Cl): 240 cm^3
- Benzene density: 880 kg/m^3
- Molar volume: 24 L
Step 1: Convert the volume of benzene from cm^3 to m^3:
240 cm^3 = 240/1000000 m^3 (since 1 m^3 = 1000000 cm^3)
Step 2: Convert the density of benzene from kg/m^3 to g/cm^3:
Density of benzene = 880 kg/m^3 = 880 g/1 L = 0.88 g/cm^3
Step 3: Calculate the mass of benzene:
Mass of benzene = Volume of benzene x Density of benzene
Mass of benzene = (240/1000000) m^3 x 0.88 g/cm^3
Step 4: Convert the mass of benzene to moles:
Molar mass of benzene (C6H6) = (12.01 g/mol x 6) + (1.01 g/mol x 6) = 78.11 g/mol
Moles of benzene = Mass of benzene / Molar mass of benzene
Step 5: Determine the stoichiometry of the reaction:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between benzene (C6H6) and chlorine (Cl2) is:
C6H6 + 6Cl2 -> C6H6Cl6
From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of benzene reacts with 6 moles of chlorine to produce 1 mole of hexachlorocyclohexane.
Step 6: Calculate the moles of chlorine:
Moles of chlorine = Moles of benzene x 6
Step 7: Calculate the volume of benzene needed:
Volume of benzene = Moles of chlorine x Molar volume of benzene
By following these steps, you can determine the minimal volume of benzene needed to react with all the chlorine introduced.