Which of the following is true? Choose all that apply.
a. When molecular kinetic energy transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
c. Eventually , the temperature of the object will be less than that of the surrounding water.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.
To determine which of the statements are true, let's analyze each one:
a. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
This statement is true. When heat is transferred to a substance, the average kinetic energy of its molecules increases, causing them to move faster.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
This statement is true. When heat is removed from a substance, the average kinetic energy of its molecules decreases, causing the temperature to drop.
c. Eventually, the temperature of the object will be less than that of the surrounding water.
This statement is false. Heat flows from the object with higher temperature to the object with lower temperature until they reach thermal equilibrium. Therefore, the temperatures will eventually become equal.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
This statement is true. As mentioned before, heat flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object until they reach thermal equilibrium. So, if the object and the surrounding water are in contact, their temperatures will eventually equalize.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.
This statement is true. Heat transfer occurs as long as there is a temperature difference between two objects in thermal contact. The heat will flow until the temperatures become equal.
Therefore, the true statements are:
a. When molecular kinetic energy transferred to a substance, the motion of the molecules in the substance increases.
b. When molecular kinetic energy is transferred away from a substance, the temperature of the substance decreases.
d. Eventually, the temperatures of the object and the surrounding water will be the same.
e. Thermal energy will continue to transfer as long as there is a temperature difference between the object and the water.