Sketch what the pH curve for soil containing carbonate ion that undergoes continual addition of hydronium ions from acid deposition. Include relevant chemical equations and information that explain the aspects of the ph curve you sketch.

Please help!!

Here is a link with MANY titration curves. Scroll down to the Na2CO3 plus HCl curve and that will be the one you want.

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/phcurves.html

To sketch the pH curve for soil containing carbonate ions undergoing continual addition of hydronium ions from acid deposition, we need to consider the reactions involved. Here are the relevant chemical equations and explanations for each aspect of the pH curve:

1. Initially, the soil containing carbonate ions (CO32-) is in its natural state, so the pH is relatively higher, indicating alkalinity.

2. As acid deposition occurs, the hydronium ions (H3O+) from the acid react with the carbonate ions in the soil. The chemical equation for this reaction is:

CO32- + H3O+ -> HCO3- + H2O

During this reaction, the carbonate ions are neutralized, forming bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and water. The presence of bicarbonate ions leads to a gradual decrease in soil pH.

3. As more hydronium ions are added through acid deposition, the bicarbonate ions are also neutralized, resulting in further pH reduction. The chemical equation for this process is as follows:

HCO3- + H3O+ -> H2CO3 + H2O

In this reaction, bicarbonate ions react with hydronium ions to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) and water. As carbonic acid accumulates, the pH of the soil decreases even further.

4. Eventually, if acid deposition continues, carbonic acid can further dissociate into water and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, according to the following equation:

H2CO3 -> H2O + CO2

This dissociation leads to the release of carbon dioxide, which can escape into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Additionally, the decrease in carbonic acid concentrations results in a less significant decrease in soil pH.

Overall, as the acid deposition continues, the pH of the soil gradually decreases due to the neutralization reactions with carbonate and bicarbonate ions. The concentration of carbonic acid and its dissociated forms also affect the pH curve.