Are the bonds for these substances correct?
Sodium chloride - ionic
Sucrose - covalent
Copper - metallic
Calcium chloride - ionic
Carbon - covalent
Mercury - ionic
Naphthalene - covalent
Are any of these substances not strictly ionic, covalent, or metallic?
I think all look ok except I would think Hg is a metallic bond since Hg is a metal. The others look ok. In my book almost nothing is PURE ionic or PURE covalent.
No, the bonds for these substances are not all correct.
The correct bonds for each substance are as follows:
Sodium chloride - ionic
Sucrose - covalent
Copper - metallic
Calcium chloride - ionic
Carbon - covalent
Mercury - metallic
Naphthalene - covalent
Only mercury is not strictly ionic, covalent, or metallic. Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature and its bonding can be described as a mixture of metallic and covalent.
To determine if the bonds for these substances are correct, we need to understand the general bonding patterns for each type of bond: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
Ionic bonds typically occur between a metal and a nonmetal. In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom, resulting in the formation of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged nonmetal ions. These oppositely charged ions then attract each other through electrostatic forces.
Covalent bonds, on the other hand, primarily occur between nonmetal atoms. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons helps both atoms achieve a filled outer electron shell.
Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms. In a metallic bond, the valence electrons are delocalized and free to move throughout the entire metal structure. This creates a "sea" of electrons that hold the metal ions together through electrostatic interactions.
Now, let's go through each substance and determine the type of bond it forms:
1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) - Ionic bond: Sodium is a metal, and chlorine is a nonmetal. Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, forming Na+ and Cl- ions.
2. Sucrose (C12H22O11) - Covalent bond: Sucrose is a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These elements are all nonmetals, and they share electrons to form covalent bonds within the molecule.
3. Copper (Cu) - Metallic bond: Copper is a metal, and it forms metallic bonds with other copper atoms. The valence electrons in copper are delocalized, creating a metallic bond within the solid metal.
4. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) - Ionic bond: Calcium is a metal, and chlorine is a nonmetal. Calcium donates two electrons, resulting in the formation of Ca2+ ions, while chlorine accepts one electron, forming Cl- ions.
5. Carbon (C) - Covalent bond: Carbon is a nonmetal, and it primarily forms covalent bonds with other nonmetals. In its elemental form, carbon forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms to create various allotropes, such as graphite and diamond.
6. Mercury (Hg) - Metallic bond: Mercury is a metal, and it forms metallic bonds with other mercury atoms. The valence electrons in mercury are delocalized, creating a metallic bond within the liquid metal.
7. Naphthalene (C10H8) - Covalent bond: Naphthalene consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Both carbon and hydrogen are nonmetals, so the bonds within naphthalene are covalent.
Based on this analysis, all the substances listed have bonds that are strictly ionic, covalent, or metallic.