How did Ghana, Mali, and Songhai get so advanced?

The main export was gold, which made each kingdom wealthy and strong, and provided them with the conditions necessary for cultural and intellectual achievement.
Is this the answer??

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http://regentsprep.org/regents/global/themes/movement/afr.cfm

I guess it depends on when in history you are studying. These nations are no longer kingdoms. They once were.

I'm studying for a test. I want to study the right information.

Is your test about contemporary African nations, or the history of those nations, as in colonial or pre-colonial times?

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1)Goods that originated from Mali:
gold, copper.

Goods that Mali obtained through trade:
salt, Ivory.

2) Poetry, folk tales, and wise sayings are examples of what?
Oral Traditions

3. which of the following illustrates the influence natural resources had on Ghana?

Ghana ability to control

4. use the drop-down menu to complete the sentences.
West African villages were made up of people of different clans!

5. which statement best explains the importance of Arabic in Songhai?
it became the language of songhai law

6.rulers of Axum gained power and wealth by: controlling trade route