1. What events in Roosevelt's life shaped his ideas and characters?
A: Roosevelt winning a seat in the New York State Senate, becoming assistant secretary of the navy, suffering from polio, and being elected as the governor of New York were the life events that shaped his ideas and character.
2. How did the government restore confidence in the banking system?
A: In order to restore confidence in the baking system, the government pushed for new regulations for both banks and the stock market. Roosevelt agreed with their ideas and threw his support behind the Securities Act of 1933 and the Glass-Steagall Banking Act. The Securities Act required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors. The following year Congress created an independent agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), to regulate the stock Mark and prevent fraud. The Glass-Steagall Act separated commercial banking from investment banking. Commercial banks handle everyday transactions. They take deposits, pay interest, cash checks, and loan money for mortgages and other business activities. Under the Glass-Steagall Act, these banks were no longer permitted to risk depositors' money by using it to speculate on the stock market. To further protect depositors, the Glass-Steaga Act also created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to provide government insurance for banks deposits up to a certain amount. By protecting depositors in this way, the FDIC greatly increased public confidence in the banking system.
3. What New Deal programs helped farmers and homeowners?
A: The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) helped farmers and homeowners.
4. What three New Deal programs provided work relief to the unemployed?
A: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), and the Public Works Administration (PWA) provided work relief to the unemployed.
5. How did the Supreme Court's ruling affect the New Deal?
A: The Supreme Court's ruling affected the New Deal because it considered the the codes of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) unconstitutional. The ruling threatened to strike down the rest of the New Deal as well.
6. How did the Social Security Act protect workers?
A: The Social Security Act protected workers by giving them the right to receive benefits, such as the monthly retirement benefit and unemployment insurance, because they paid premiums.
7. What were the provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act and the National Industrial Recovery Act?
A: The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) suspended the antitrust laws and allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate in setting up voluntary tiles for each industry. These rules were known as codes of fair competition. Some codes set prices, established minimum wages, and limited factories to two shifts per day so production could spread to as many firms as possible. Other codes shortened workers' hours with the goal of creating additional jobs. Another provision in the law guaranteed workers the right to form unions. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), on the other hand, increased food prices and farm income by reducing the supply of basic crops.
#1: I think his wife influenced him a great deal, too. As a scion of a patrician family he had no idea how poor people could be until Eleanor took him to a soup kitchen where she volunteered. He was shocked. She had a great deal of influence throughout their marriage.
#4. The CWA was a temporary program only in the winter of 1933-34. Look up the Works Progress Administration.
#5. There were other Supreme Court rulings that also struck down parts of the New Deal.
To find out what events in Roosevelt's life shaped his ideas and character, you can research his biography or read books about his life and presidency. Look for information on his political career, his experience in the navy, his battle with polio, and his time as the governor of New York. These experiences and challenges likely influenced his perspectives and values.
To understand how the government restored confidence in the banking system during the Great Depression, you can study the various measures and programs implemented at the time. Some key actions that restored confidence included the passage of the Securities Act of 1933, which required companies to provide complete and truthful information to investors, and the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock market. Additionally, the Glass-Steagall Banking Act separated commercial banking from investment banking and established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to provide government insurance for bank deposits. These initiatives aimed to protect and stabilize the banking sector.
To identify the New Deal programs that helped farmers and homeowners, you can refer to historical records or research materials on the New Deal era. The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) was a key program that provided loans and assistance to farmers. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) helped homeowners refinance their mortgages and prevent foreclosures.
To find out which three New Deal programs provided work relief to the unemployed, you can consult historical sources or research materials on the New Deal era. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) employed young men in conservation and reforestation projects. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) provided temporary employment in infrastructure projects. The Public Works Administration (PWA) funded large-scale public works projects, such as the construction of roads, bridges, and schools.
To understand the impact of the Supreme Court's ruling on the New Deal, you can study the cases and arguments presented during that time. One significant ruling was in relation to the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), which the Supreme Court deemed unconstitutional. This ruling threatened other New Deal programs as well and led to a shift in Roosevelt's approach to the court.
To learn about how the Social Security Act protected workers, you can examine the provisions of the act itself and the historical context in which it was passed. The Social Security Act established a system of retirement benefits and unemployment insurance for workers. Workers paid premiums into the system, and in return, they became eligible for monthly retirement benefits and unemployment insurance in case of job loss.
To understand the provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) and the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), you can study the text of these acts or consult reliable historical sources. The NIRA suspended antitrust laws and allowed for cooperation between business, labor, and government to establish codes of fair competition. These codes set prices, established minimum wages, and regulated working conditions. The AAA aimed to increase food prices and farm income by reducing the supply of certain crops through crop reduction programs and price stabilization measures.
8. What were the goals of the New Deal?
A: The goals of the New Deal were to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression. Relief programs aimed to assist those who were suffering from immediate poverty and unemployment. Recovery programs focused on stimulating the economy and getting people back to work. Reform programs aimed to regulate and reform industries, improve working conditions, protect workers' rights, and establish a social safety net.
9. What were some criticisms of the New Deal?
A: Some criticisms of the New Deal included the argument that it expanded the power of the federal government too much, violated states' rights, ignored the principles of individualism and limited government, and imposed excessive regulations on businesses. Some critics believed that the New Deal did not go far enough in providing relief and recovery, while others believed that it went too far and interfered with free market principles.
10. How did the New Deal impact the role of the federal government?
A: The New Deal significantly expanded the role of the federal government in the economy and in the lives of American citizens. It established numerous government agencies and programs to address the economic crisis and provide relief and reform. The New Deal marked a shift towards increased government intervention and regulation, with the federal government taking on a larger role in managing the economy, providing social welfare programs, and protecting workers' rights. This expansion of government power and involvement paved the way for the modern welfare state.