What essential constitutional amendments did Madison propose to congress? Which were passed? Which were not passed? What are these ten amendments called today?

http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/bill-of-rights/

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro.html

Hey Reed, are you tutor?

James Madison, the principal author of the U.S. Constitution, proposed a series of constitutional amendments to Congress in 1789. These proposed amendments, also known as the Bill of Rights, were intended to address concerns raised about individual liberties and the limitation of federal powers. Let's break down each amendment and discuss which ones were passed and which ones were not.

1. Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition (Passed): The First Amendment protects these core freedoms, including the separation of church and state.

2. Right to Bear Arms (Passed): The Second Amendment ensures the right of individuals to keep and bear arms.

3. Quartering of Troops (Passed): The Third Amendment prohibits the forced quartering of soldiers in private homes during peacetime.

4. Protection from Unreasonable Searches and Seizures (Passed): The Fourth Amendment safeguards against unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring valid warrants based on probable cause.

5. Rights of the Accused (Passed): The Fifth Amendment protects individuals' rights during legal proceedings, including the right against self-incrimination and the guarantee of due process.

6. Right to a Fair Trial (Passed): The Sixth Amendment guarantees a fair and speedy trial, as well as the right to legal counsel and access to witnesses.

7. Trial by Jury in Civil Cases (Passed): The Seventh Amendment ensures the right to a trial by jury in civil cases involving certain monetary values.

8. Protection from Cruel and Unusual Punishment (Passed): The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines.

9. Protection of Rights Not Enumerated (Passed): The Ninth Amendment emphasizes that the Bill of Rights does not exhaustively list all individual rights. There are other rights retained by the people, not specifically mentioned.

10. Powers Reserved to the States (Passed): The Tenth Amendment clarifies that powers not granted to the federal government are reserved for the states or the people.

All of these constitutional amendments were eventually passed by Congress, thus becoming integral parts of the U.S. Constitution. Together, they are commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights, ensuring crucial protections and rights for American citizens.