If a=2

what is -a^2?

-4 or 4? Why?

since -x is just (-1)(x), and exponents are done first,

-a^2 = -(a^2) = -(2^2) = -(4) = -4

on the other hand, if you want to do the minus first, you need to say

(-2)^2 = (-2)(-2) = +4