How do i prepare 5M NH4NO3 from HNO3...because i don't have ammonium nitrate
To prepare 5M NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) from HNO3 (nitric acid), you will need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the required amount of ammonium nitrate: Start by determining the molar mass of NH4NO3, which can be found by adding up the atomic masses of each element in the compound. NH4NO3 is composed of nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), so its molar mass is 80.05 g/mol.
2. Convert the desired concentration from molarity to grams: Since the desired concentration is given as 5M (moles per liter), you will need to convert this value to grams per liter using the molar mass of NH4NO3 calculated in the previous step. Multiply the molarity (5M) by the molar mass (80.05 g/mol) to obtain the grams of NH4NO3 needed to make 1 liter of the solution. In this case, it would be 5M x 80.05 g/mol = 400.25 g/L.
3. Dilute the nitric acid solution: Assuming you have a solution of nitric acid (HNO3) of known concentration (let's say it's 10M), you can determine the volume of nitric acid required for the desired amount of ammonium nitrate. Use the following equation: V1 x C1 = V2 x C2, where V1 is the volume of the nitric acid solution needed (in liters), C1 is the concentration of the nitric acid solution (in moles per liter), and C2 is the desired concentration of the ammonium nitrate solution (in moles per liter). Rearranging the equation, V1 = (V2 x C2) / C1.
For example, if you want to prepare 1 liter of 5M NH4NO3 and you have a 10M HNO3 solution:
V1 = (1L x 5M) / 10M = 0.5L
You will need 0.5 liters of the 10M nitric acid solution.
4. Safety precautions: It is essential to handle nitric acid with caution as it is a strong acid and can be corrosive. Ensure you wear appropriate protective equipment like gloves, goggles, and a lab coat when working with chemicals.
Please note that the process outlined above involves the conversion of HNO3 to NH4NO3 by a neutralization reaction using an appropriate base or ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) while considering the stoichiometry of the reaction. Handling and working with chemicals should only be done by individuals who have proper training and access to a controlled laboratory environment.