Starting with copper metal, describe how a sample crystals of copper 2 chloride may be prepared in the labaratory
Crystallysation
Remember Cu is not soluble in HCl which means you must go around the barn to get there.
Dissolve Cu metal in HNO3 and evaporate to dryness. Add water to form a solution, add Na2CO3 to ppt CuCO3. Filter, dissolve the CuCO3 in HCl and evaporate to dryness.
To prepare crystals of copper(II) chloride in the laboratory, you'll need the following materials and equipment:
Materials:
1. Copper metal (powder or small pieces)
2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
3. Distilled water
Equipment:
1. Glass beaker or flask
2. Glass stirring rod
3. Bunsen burner or laboratory hot plate
4. Filter paper or funnel
5. Vacuum filtration setup (optional)
6. Glass container or evaporating dish
7. Safety goggles and lab coat (for personal protection)
Here's a step-by-step procedure to prepare copper(II) chloride crystals:
1. Safety first! Put on your safety goggles and lab coat to protect yourself from chemical splashes or spills.
2. Weigh out a suitable amount of copper metal in a glass beaker or flask. The actual quantity depends on how much copper(II) chloride you want to produce.
3. Add an excess of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the beaker containing the copper metal. The reaction between copper and hydrochloric acid will produce copper(II) chloride along with hydrogen gas. Ensure that there is enough acid to completely cover the copper metal.
4. Gently heat the mixture using a Bunsen burner or laboratory hot plate. This will increase the reaction rate and facilitate the dissolution of copper into the hydrochloric acid. You may need to stir the mixture with a glass rod to ensure that the copper dissolves completely.
5. Once the copper metal has dissolved completely, remove the heat source and allow the mixture to cool. During this cooling process, crystals of copper(II) chloride will begin to form.
6. If necessary, filter the mixture using filter paper or a funnel to separate any undissolved copper or impurities. This step is optional, but it will help obtain purer crystals.
7. Transfer the filtrate (the clear liquid obtained after filtration) into a glass container or evaporating dish. Discard any remaining solid or impurities from the filtration process.
8. Evaporate the liquid by placing the glass container or evaporating dish in a warm location such as an oven or on a lab bench. As the liquid evaporates, the concentration of copper(II) chloride will increase, eventually leading to the formation of crystals.
9. Monitor the evaporation process and observe the formation of crystals. You may need to wait for several hours or even days, depending on the amount of copper(II) chloride you're trying to obtain.
10. Once crystals have formed, carefully remove them from the glass container or evaporating dish using a spatula or tweezers. Place them on a clean, dry surface to allow any residual moisture to evaporate.
Congratulations! You have successfully prepared crystals of copper(II) chloride in the laboratory by starting with copper metal.