{1}Discuss the parts of typical alimentary canal of multicellular organisms.
{2}State the action of following enzyme in the process of digestion
(a)Salivary amylase
(b)Pepsin
(c)Pancreatic enzyme
(d)Trypsin
(e)Lipase
How would you like us to help you with this assignment?
Please answered this questions at the 11th class level of CBSE
Sure! Let's start with your first question about the parts of the typical alimentary canal in multicellular organisms.
The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus and is involved in the process of digestion. It consists of several parts, each of which plays a specific role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients:
1. Mouth: The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food enters. The mouth contains teeth for chewing and salivary glands that produce saliva, which contains enzymes to initiate the digestion of carbohydrates.
2. Esophagus: After chewing, the food travels down the esophagus, which connects the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus uses muscular contractions called peristalsis to push food downward.
3. Stomach: In the stomach, food is further broken down by gastric juices, which include hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. The stomach also mechanically churns the food, making it into a semi-liquid mixture called chyme.
4. Small Intestine: The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal and is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. It is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver to break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
5. Large Intestine: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food. It also houses beneficial bacteria that aid in the final breakdown of remaining food matter.
6. Rectum: The rectum is the final part of the alimentary canal where waste material, called feces, is stored before elimination.
Now let's move on to your second question about the actions of different enzymes in the process of digestion:
(a) Salivary amylase: Salivary amylase, produced by the salivary glands in the mouth, starts the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down complex carbohydrates into smaller, simpler sugars like maltose.
(b) Pepsin: Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach and is involved in the digestion of proteins. It breaks down proteins into smaller fragments called peptides.
(c) Pancreatic enzyme: The pancreas produces multiple enzymes that are released into the small intestine to further break down food. These enzymes include amylase (to digest carbohydrates), lipase (to digest fats), and trypsin (to digest proteins), which we will discuss next.
(d) Trypsin: Trypsin, produced by the pancreas, helps to break down proteins into smaller peptides.
(e) Lipase: Lipase, also produced by the pancreas, breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
These enzymes play crucial roles in breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy and other metabolic processes.