Faites 5 phrases en donnant des solutions possibles aux guerres, faminines, etc. UTILISEZ SEULEMENT LE SUBJONCTIF! ON DOIT AVOIR UN EXEMPLE DU PRONOM "ON" COMME LE PRONOM SUJET!
I have to write 5 phrases using the subjonctive, on solutions for war, poverty etc.. but im not sure how to use the subjonctif
I'll send this to Sra.
Remember, she lives in Pacific DT zone, so whatever the time stamp is on this website, subtract 3 hours for Sra's time!
yes that's fine. I can wait. Thank you
OK. Here's a Review of the Subjunctive.
regular -
I have no idea why that posted before I even finished!
For regular -er verbs (parler), -ir verbs (finir) and -re verbs (répondre)
1. Drop the -ant of the Present Partitive and add the endings -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. These endings are the same for all verbs, except avoir & être.
2. Verbs with spelling changes, such as employer, mener, appeler, & espérer have the same changes in the Present Subjuncttive as in the Present Indicative.
(que j'emploie / qu'il appelle / qu'elle mène, qu'elles espoèrent)
3. IRREGULAR VERBS: again, drop the -ant of the Present Participle:
s'asseoir = s'asseyant = je m'asseye
conduir = conduisant = je conduise
connaître = connaissant = je connaisse
courir = courant = je coure
craindre = craigant = je craigne
écrire = écrivant = j'écrive
rire = riant = je rie
vivre = vivant = je vivre
4. A few irregular verbs have a single irregular stem:
faire = je fasse, tu fasses, il fasse, nous faissions, vous fassiez, ils fassent
falloir = il faille
pouvoir = je puisse, tu puisses, etc.
savoir = je sache, tu saches, etc.
5. A number of irregular verbs have two stems in the Present Subjunctive = one stem for nous & vous, which look like the stem for the Present Indicative, and one for the other forms.
aller = j'aille, tu ailles, il aille, nous allions, vous alliez, ils aillent
boire = je boive, tu boives, il boive, nous buvions, vous buviez, ils boivent
croire = je croie, tu croies, i croie, nous croyions, vous croyiez, ils croient
devoir = je doive, tu doives, il doive, nous devions, vous deviez, ils doivent
envoyer = j'envoie, tu envoies, il envoie, nous envoyions, vous envoyiez, ils envoient
mourir = je meure, tu meures, il meure, nous mourions, vous mouriez, ils meurent
prendre = je prenne, tu prennes, il prenne, nous prenions, vous preniez, ils prennent
recevoir = je reçoive, tu reçoives, il reçoive, nous recevions, vous receviez, je reçoivent
tenir = je tienne, tu tiennes, il tienne, nous tenions, vous teniez, ils tiennent
valoir = je vaille, tu vailles, il vaille, nous valions, vous valiez, ils vaillent
venir = je vienne, tu viennes, il vienne, nus venions, vous veniez, ils viennent
voir = je voie, tu voies, il voie, nous voyions, vous voyiez, ils voient
vouloir = je veuille, tu veuilles, il veuille, nous voulions, vous vouliez, ils veullent
AVOIR = j'aie, tu aies, il ait, nous ayons, vous ayez, elles aient
ÉTRE = je sois, tu sois , il soit, nous soyons, vous soyez, ils soient
This a review on how to form the Subjunctive. Hopefully there are no errors, because I never plan to type it out again! I'll copy this one! There is lots of memory work to get all the irregular verbs.
Next, we'll look at WHY the Present Subjunctive even exists. Unfortunately, it is dying out in English!
Sra (aka Mme)
REVIEW #2 = Why the Present Siubjunctive exists:
1. Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions;
If these Impersonal Expressions show certainty, or probability or fact, there is no Subjunctive.
Impersonal Expressions that show doubt, opinion, judgment that use the Subjunctive:
il faut = it is necessary, must
il est nécessaire = it is necessary
il est bon = it is good
il est important = it is important
il est juste == it is right
il est possible = it is possible
il se peut = it may be
il est impossible = it is impossible
il est (c'est) demmage = it is a pity, it is a shame
il est temps = it is time
il semble = it seems/appears
il vaut mieux = it is better
They are followed by "que" (qu') which introduces the Subjunctive:
il faut que tu fasse les devoirs = you must do the homework
These may also be used interrogatively:
Est-il impossible qu'elle vienne? = Is it impossible for her to come?
Here are Impersonal Expressions of certainty, probability using the Indicaative:
il est certain = it is certain
il est clair = it is cler
il est évident = it is evident
il est probaly = it is probable
il est vrai = it is true
il paraît = it seems/appears
***However, when these expressions are used interrogatively or negativel, they generally express doubt and take the Subjuncitve.
Je suis certaine qu'elle vient.
Je ne suis pas cetaine qu'elle vienne.
Est-ce que je suis certaine qu'elle vienne?
NOTE: 1. As there is no Future Tense in the Subjunctive, the Present Subjunctive is used to express both the Present and the Future.
2. The Subjunctive in French is often translated as an infinitive in English, as well as the Present or Future.
Just how much have you done with the Subjunctive? I don't want to give you something that you don't need yet.
Sra (aka Mme)
DRAT : There are typos in Review #2. This old computer often skips letters and other times types a letter twice!
Please correct "demmage" to "dommage"
I think you can figure out the rest: there is Indicative and certaine somewhere! Sorry!
Sra (aka Mme)
REVIEW #3: The Subjunctive with Expressions of EMOTION, WISHING & DOUBT:
The Subjunctive is used in the Dependent Clause, when the subject of the dependent clause is DIFFERENT from the subject of the main clause, and it it is introduced by clause relater “que/qu’”
Expressions of emotion, (joy, fear, sorrow), such as:
J ‘ai peur (…ne) = I am afraid
je crains (…ne) = I fear
je m’étonne = I am astonished/surprised
je regrette = I am sorry, I regret
je suis content(e) = I am glad
je suis heureux (heureuse) = I am happy
je suis surpris(e) = I am surprised
NOTE: Expessions of fear in affirmative sentences generally take a “ne” in the Subjunctive.
Je crains qu’elle ne tombe = I fear she may fall.
2. Expressions of wishing or commanding, such as:
J’aime mieux = I prefer
je préfère = I prefer
je défends = I forbid
je désire = I wish, I want
j’ordonne = I order
je souhaite = I wish
je veux = I want, I wish
je voudrais = I should like, I would like
Son père défend qu’elle devienne actrice. = Her father forbids her becoming an actrice. (or forbids her to become)
3. Expressions of doubt, such as:
je doute = I doubtt
je ne suis pas sür(e) (certain-e) = I am not sure/certain.
je ne crois pas = I do not believe/think
croyez-vous? = do you believe/think?
je ne pense pas = I do not (don’t) think
pense-t-il? = does he think?
NOTE: penser, croire & espérer, when used negatively or interrogatively, generally imply doubt and are followed by the Subjunctive. Sometimes both the Infinitive and the Subjunctive are possible, depending on the thought of the speaker. Here the speaker must decide.
je ne crois pas qu’elle viendra. = I do not believe she will come and no doubt is implied. (I firmly believe)
je ne crois pas qu’elle vienne. = I do not believe she will come/is coming and doubt is implied. (50/50?)
When these verbs are used interrogatively or negatively, they are followed by the Indicative since they suggest an affirmative answer with no doubt implied.
N’espérez-vous pas qu’il le fera? = Don’t you hope he will do it?
NOTE: 1. The infinitive is sometimes used in English where French uses the Subjunctive.
je voudrais que vous restiez ici. = I would like you to stay here.
2. If both the main and dependent verbs have the same subject, the infinitive is generally used in French, instead of the Subjunctive.
Avez-vous peur de rire? = Are you afraid you may laugh? or Are you afraid of laughing?
Nous préférons le croire = We prefer to believe it.
Sra (aka Mme)
(There is one more Review plus how to form the Present Perfect Subjunctive)
REVIEW #4: Other Uses of the Subjunctive:
The Subjunctive is used after certain CONJUNCTIONS:
afin que = in order that, so that
pour que = in order that, so that
avant que = before
à moins que …..ne = unless
bien que = although
quoique = although
de crainte pas…..ne = for fear that, lest
de peur que…..ne = for fear that, lest
jusqu’à ce que = until
pourvu que = provided that
sans que = without
Je vous lirai l’histoire à moins que vous ne la connaissiez déjà. = I will read the story to you unless you already know it.
NOTE: a. à moins que, de crainte que & de peur que are generally followed by “ne” before the Subjunctive verb.
b. When both the main and dependent verbs have the same subject, the corresponding preposition , if there is one, is generally used with the infinitive, instead of the conjunction with the Subjunctive.
Nous sommes partis de bonne heure afin de (pour) le voir. = We left early in order to see him.
c. After the verb attendre, que alone is generally used to mean “until.”
Attendez que je le fasse. = Wait ’til (until) I do it.
d. The following common conjunctions take the Indicative:
après que = after
aussitôt que = as soon as
dès que = as soon as
parce que = because
pendant que = while
peut-être que = perhaps/maybe
puisque = since
tandis que = whereas, while
2. The Subjunctive is used in a relative clause referring to an indefinite person or thing that is sought but not yet found.
Y a-t-il un peintre qui puisse faire mon portrait? = Is there any painter that (who) can paint my portrait?
Nous cherchons un appartement qui soit grand. = We are looking for an apartment that is large.
NOTE: If there is no doubt about the existence of the person or thing, the Indicative is used.
Je connais un peintre qui peut faire votre portrait. = I know a patiner who can paint your portrait.
Voici un appartement qui est grand. - Here is an apartment that is large.
3. The Subjunctive is used after superlative expressions, generally showing opinion. Such superlatives include:
le seul = the only
le premier = the first
le dernier = the last
C’est le meilleur café qu’on puisse acheter. - That’s the best coffee you can buy.
C’est la seule fois que je vous le dise. = That’s the only time I will tell it to you.
Ce sont les plus beaux cadeaux que j’aie jamais vus. = They are the most beautiful gifts I have ever seen.
4. The Subjunctive is used in principal clauses to express a third person imperative or a wish.
Qu’elle le fasse tout de suite! = Let her do it at oncve!
Qu’il entre! = Let him come in! (Have him enter)
Qu’ils réussissent! = May they succeed!
Vive la France! = Long live France!
NOTE: These Subjunctive clauses are really dependent on commands or wishes that are understood.
Sra (aka Mme)