How did Darwin and Lamarck differ in their thinking about change in species?
Darwin thought that organisms could induce their own changes, while Lamarck thought that change could only be induced by an organism’s environment.
Darwin thought that change could occur in individual organisms, while Lamarck thought that change could only occur across generations.
Darwin thought that genes controlled a species’ ability to survive, while Lamarck thought that genes were only one part of a species’ ability to adapt.
Darwin thought that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck thought that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult.
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Darwin and Lamarck differed in their thinking about change in species in a few key ways. Firstly, Darwin believed that organisms could induce their own changes, while Lamarck believed that change could only be induced by an organism's environment. Darwin's theory of natural selection suggested that individual organisms with advantageous traits would be more likely to survive and pass on those traits to their offspring, leading to gradual changes in a species over time. Lamarck, on the other hand, proposed the idea of "inheritance of acquired characteristics," which suggested that an organism could pass on traits that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring. This idea is often summarized with the example of a giraffe stretching its neck to reach leaves, causing its offspring to have longer necks.
Secondly, Darwin believed that change could occur in individual organisms, while Lamarck believed that change could only occur across generations. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, variation within a population can lead to differential survival and reproduction, shaping the traits of future generations. Lamarck, on the other hand, suggested that changes occur slowly over time as organisms adapt to their environment and these changes are then passed on to subsequent generations.
Thirdly, Darwin believed that genes controlled a species' ability to survive, while Lamarck believed that genes were only one part of a species' ability to adapt. Darwin's theory emphasized the role of genetic variation and natural selection in shaping a species' adaptations to its environment. Lamarck, on the other hand, proposed that acquired characteristics could be inherited and contribute to an organism's ability to adapt.
Lastly, Darwin believed that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck suggested that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult. Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that competition for limited resources would drive the survival of certain individuals with advantageous traits. Lamarck, on the other hand, suggested that organisms could actively respond to their environment and make changes to improve their chances of survival.
In summary, Darwin and Lamarck differed in their explanations for change in species. Darwin emphasized natural selection, genetic variation, and competition, while Lamarck focused on the inheritance of acquired characteristics and the organisms' ability to adapt actively. To understand the full extent of their differences, it is beneficial to study their original works, "On the Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin and "Philosophie Zoologique" by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, which provide detailed explanations of their respective theories.