The force between positive charges from the problem 18) has the magnitude

a)4 Newtons b)9 Newtons c)9x10^9 Newtons d)4x10^9 Newtons e)none of these

To determine the force between positive charges, we can use Coulomb's Law, which states that the magnitude of the force between two charged particles is given by:

\[ F = \frac{{k \cdot q_1 \cdot q_2}}{{r^2}} \]

Where:
- F is the magnitude of the force
- k is the electrostatic constant (k = 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2)
- q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges on the two particles
- r is the distance between the two particles

Since the options are in terms of Newtons, we need to determine the magnitude of the force in Newtons.

The information provided in the question is not sufficient to calculate the force. We need additional details such as the values of the charges and the distance between them in order to determine the correct option.

To find the magnitude of the force between positive charges in problem 18, we need to use Coulomb's Law. Coulomb's law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The mathematical expression for Coulomb's Law is:

F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2

where F is the magnitude of the force, k is Coulomb's constant (9 x 10^9 N.m^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.

Since the problem doesn't provide any specific charges or distances, we cannot determine the exact magnitude of the force. Therefore, the correct answer is e) none of these, as we don't have enough information to calculate the force magnitude.