The task was to add commas in the correct places. Did I place them correctly in the sentence below?

One of the greatest classes he ever took was after school, as many of his friends left, he had to go to band practice, play the drums, guitar, and saxophone.

(Personally, I think I would have divided it up into two sentences!)

I would too. But no comma is needed between "left he." It's debatable whether one is needed before "and saxophone." Old rules said yes, but not so much anymore.