Which of the following are excited in ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy?
A. Valence electrons
B. Core electrons
C. X-rays
So the answer is a? I was originally guessing that.
The word in electron in photoelectron spectroscopy should eliminate answer choice C. Can you excite core electrons?
Look for images to see how this works.
In ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), valence electrons are excited. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Valence electrons.
In ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), electrons in a material are excited by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This technique is used to study the electronic structure of materials.
The answer to your question is A. Valence electrons.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they are involved in bonding and chemical reactions. In UPS, the UV photons excite the valence electrons, causing them to move to higher energy levels. By measuring the kinetic energy of these excited electrons, information about the energy levels and electronic properties of the material can be obtained.
On the other hand, B. Core electrons are not excited in UPS. Core electrons are the innermost electrons of an atom, which are tightly bound to the nucleus. They require higher energy (such as X-rays) to be excited.
C. X-rays are not used in ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a different technique that uses X-ray photons to excite core electrons.
To summarize, in UPS, valence electrons are excited by UV radiation, while core electrons require higher energy (such as X-rays) for excitation.