1.   What measurement best describes the results of a scientific experiment regarding distance? 

A. 57 miles
B. 500 kilograms
C. 523 inches
D. 51 kilometers     

My answer is D.
Am I correct?   

Correct.

Honestly, I think you are correct. Kilometers seems to be the most reasonable for distance.

For 523 inches, it seems to be too small, and too many inches.

For 500 kilograms, it doesn't deal distance. It deals with the weight of something.

For 57 miles, it's reasonable for distance as well, but several websites say that miles are not used as much as kilometers.

Therefore, I think you are correct.

I hope this helps! :)

For science, the metric system is the standard of measurement. Rarely is the English system (miles) used.

2.   The study of the weather is known as 

A. microbiology.
B. geology.
C. meteorology.
D. hydrology.

My answer is C,right?

Yes. The study of weather is meteorology.

3.   Which of the following is not a characteristic that geologists use to identify minerals? 

A. Softness
B. Color
C. Fracture
D. Streak 

My best answer will have to be A,but not sure about C?

4.   Which statement best describes an igneous intrusion? 

    A. Magma is injected into surrounding rock forming an igneous intrusion.
B. Magma explodes to the surface and forms a smooth outer layer of rock.
C. Magma is exported to an open area and forms iron.
D. Igneous intrusions form when ice crystals splash into lava.

Umm A???

According to this and other sites, none of the answers for C is correct.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Identification_of_Minerals

None of the answers for 3 is correct.

So C would be the best choice?