The ionic equation and net ionic equation and balance equation:
A) Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 -->
B) H2SO4 + Na2CO3 --->
molecular:
Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) ==> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
ionic:
Ca^2+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq) ==> Ca^2+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
NET ionic:
Just cancel the ions that are common to both sides to leave
2H^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) ==> 2H2O(l)
A) Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 --> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Step 1: Write the balanced equation:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 --> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Ionic equation:
Ca2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq) --> Ca2+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Net ionic equation:
2OH- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) --> 2H2O (l)
Step 2: Balance the equation if necessary. In this case, the equation is already balanced.
B) H2SO4 + Na2CO3 --> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Step 1: Write the balanced equation:
H2SO4 + Na2CO3 --> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Ionic equation:
2H+ (aq) + SO4^2- (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) --> 2Na+ (aq) + SO4^2- (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Net ionic equation:
2H+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) --> H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Step 2: Balance the equation if necessary. In this case, the equation is already balanced.
To find the ionic equation, net ionic equation, and balanced equation for the given chemical reactions, we need to understand the properties and behavior of the substances involved.
A) Ca(OH)2 + HNO3:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 --> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
This is the balanced molecular equation, where Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) and HNO3 (nitric acid) react to form Ca(NO3)2 (calcium nitrate) and H2O (water).
Step 2: Write the ionic equation:
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) --> Ca2+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq) + 2H2O (l)
In the ionic equation, we separate the reactants and products into their respective ions. Ca(OH)2, being a strong base, dissociates into Ca2+ and OH- ions. HNO3, being a strong acid, dissociates into H+ and NO3- ions. In the reaction, H+ ions from HNO3 react with OH- ions from Ca(OH)2 to form water, while Ca2+ ions and NO3- ions remain as spectator ions.
Step 3: Write the net ionic equation:
2H+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) --> 2H2O (l)
The net ionic equation includes only the ions that actively participate in the reaction. In this case, the Ca2+ and NO3- ions are spectator ions, which do not undergo any chemical changes. Thus, they are excluded from the net ionic equation.
B) H2SO4 + Na2CO3:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation:
H2SO4 + Na2CO3 --> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
This is the balanced molecular equation, where H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) and Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) react to form Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate), H2O (water), and CO2 (carbon dioxide).
Step 2: Write the ionic equation:
H+ (aq) + SO4^2- (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) --> Na2SO4 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
In the ionic equation, H2SO4 dissociates into H+ and SO4^2- ions, while Na2CO3 dissociates into Na+ and CO3^2- ions. The reaction involves the combination of H+ ions from H2SO4 with CO3^2- ions from Na2CO3, resulting in the formation of water and carbon dioxide, along with the formation of Na2SO4.
Step 3: Write the net ionic equation:
H+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) --> H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
The net ionic equation includes only the ions that actively participate in the reaction. In this case, the Na+ and SO4^2- ions are spectator ions and do not undergo any chemical changes. Thus, they are excluded from the net ionic equation.