How many resonance structures do these following acids have?
H2CO3-carbonic acid
H3PO4-phosphoric acid
H2SO4-sulfuric acid
HNO3-nitric acid
CH3COOH- acetic acid
CH2ClCOOH- chloroacetic acid
CHCl2COOH- dichloroacetic acid
CCl3COOH- trichloroacetic acid
We can't draw structures on this forum. Do what I do; i.e., Google lewis structure ......and fll in the blank
To determine the number of resonance structures for each acid, we need to examine the possible arrangements of electrons within each molecule. Resonance structures are different representations of a molecule that can be obtained by moving electrons around.
1. H2CO3 - Carbonic acid:
Carbonic acid has 3 resonance structures because it can undergo resonance between the carbon-oxygen double bond and the carbon-oxygen single bonds, resulting in the following resonance structures:
HO-C(OH)=O
HO-C(O^-)(O^-)
O^-C(OH)-OH
2. H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid:
Phosphoric acid has only one significant resonance structure since the phosphorus-oxygen bonds do not exhibit delocalization. The structure for phosphoric acid is:
O=P(OH)(OH)(OH)
3. H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid:
Sulfuric acid has only one significant resonance structure, similar to phosphoric acid. The structure for sulfuric acid is:
O=S(OH)(OH)(OH)
4. HNO3 - Nitric acid:
Nitric acid has two resonance structures due to the delocalization of the negative charge between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The resonance structures for nitric acid are:
O-N(OH)2
O^-(N=O)(OH)
5. CH3COOH - Acetic acid:
Acetic acid has only one significant resonance structure since the carbon-oxygen bonds do not exhibit delocalization. The structure for acetic acid is:
CH3-C(=O)OH
6. CH2ClCOOH - Chloroacetic acid:
Chloroacetic acid also has only one significant resonance structure. The structure for chloroacetic acid is:
ClCH2-C(=O)OH
7. CHCl2COOH - Dichloroacetic acid:
Dichloroacetic acid has only one significant resonance structure. The structure for dichloroacetic acid is:
Cl2C-C(=O)OH
8. CCl3COOH - Trichloroacetic acid:
Trichloroacetic acid has only one significant resonance structure. The structure for trichloroacetic acid is:
Cl3C-C(=O)OH
Note: While some compounds may have other minor resonance structures, the ones mentioned above are the significant resonance structures considering the major electron delocalization patterns.
To determine the number of resonance structures for each of the given acids, we need to examine their Lewis structures and identify any possible resonance forms. Resonance structures occur when there can be different arrangements of electrons while keeping the same connectivity of atoms.
1. H2CO3 (carbonic acid):
The Lewis structure for H2CO3 shows that there are multiple electron arrangements possible for the carbonate ion. The double bond can form between either of the two oxygen atoms. Therefore, H2CO3 has two resonance structures.
2. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid):
The Lewis structure for H3PO4 indicates that there are three double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for phosphoric acid.
3. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid):
The Lewis structure for H2SO4 demonstrates that there are two double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for sulfuric acid.
4. HNO3 (nitric acid):
The Lewis structure for HNO3 shows that there is a double bond that can be formed between nitrogen and one of the oxygen atoms. Therefore, HNO3 has one resonance structure.
5. CH3COOH (acetic acid):
The Lewis structure for CH3COOH indicates that there are two double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for acetic acid.
6. CH2ClCOOH (chloroacetic acid):
The Lewis structure for CH2ClCOOH demonstrates that there are two double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for chloroacetic acid.
7. CHCl2COOH (dichloroacetic acid):
The Lewis structure for CHCl2COOH shows that there are two double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for dichloroacetic acid.
8. CCl3COOH (trichloroacetic acid):
The Lewis structure for CCl3COOH indicates that there are two double bonds that can be formed, but they cannot be simultaneously present due to the octet rule. Therefore, there are no resonance structures for trichloroacetic acid.
In summary:
- H2CO3 (carbonic acid) has 2 resonance structures.
- H3PO4 (phosphoric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), CH3COOH (acetic acid), CH2ClCOOH (chloroacetic acid), CHCl2COOH (dichloroacetic acid), and CCl3COOH (trichloroacetic acid) have no resonance structures.
- HNO3 (nitric acid) has 1 resonance structure.