By 1992, historical accounts of Columbus’s “discovery” of America differed markedly from those written in 1892, although few “new” facts about Columbus had been unearthed. Explain at least three changes in perspective that led to historians’ altered assessments.
"changes in perspective"
This is the basis of the question you need to answer. In other words, how did people in 1992 (and today, to be sure) impose their values on the actions of someone who lived in 1892 ... or even 1492?
So Columbus "discovered" America?? In 1500, North and South America had a larger population than Europe!
http://www.english-online.at/geography/world-population/world-population-distribution-by-continent.gif
To understand the changes in perspective regarding Columbus's "discovery" of America between 1892 and 1992, we need to consider the shifts in historical research and interpretation. Here are three key changes in perspective that led to historians' altered assessments:
1. Shift from Heroic Narrative to Critical Analysis:
In 1892, historical accounts of Columbus tended to glorify him as a heroic explorer who discovered the New World. However, by 1992, there was a significant shift towards critical analysis. Historians began to question the Eurocentric narrative and evaluate Columbus's actions and their consequences more objectively. This change in perspective was influenced by the rise of postcolonial studies and a greater emphasis on understanding the experiences and perspectives of indigenous peoples.
2. Recognition of Indigenous Peoples' Impact:
One significant change in perspective was the acknowledgment of the impact of indigenous peoples on the Americas before Columbus's arrival. Earlier accounts largely ignored or minimized the presence and achievements of Native Americans. However, as historians explored other sources, including indigenous oral histories and archaeological evidence, they discovered advanced civilizations, such as the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca. This recognition led to a reevaluation of Columbus's role as the sole "discoverer" and highlighted the rich indigenous cultures that thrived long before European arrival.
3. Reevaluation of Consequences:
Another crucial change in perspective was a reassessment of the consequences of Columbus's voyages. Early accounts often overlooked or downplayed the negative consequences, such as colonization, exploitation, and the decimation of indigenous populations due to disease and violence. By the 1990s, historians increasingly examined the destructive impact of European colonization, including forced labor, cultural assimilation, and the displacement of native peoples from their lands. This more comprehensive understanding of Columbus's legacy prompted a reevaluation of his historical significance.
In summary, the altered assessments of Columbus's "discovery" of America between 1892 and 1992 were influenced by a shift from a heroic narrative to critical analysis, the recognition of indigenous peoples' impact, and a reevaluation of the consequences of European colonization. These changes in perspective helped historians provide a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the complex historical events surrounding Columbus's voyages.