A patient has type AB blood. If they received a transfusion of type B blood, predict and explain what would happen
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If a patient with type AB blood receives a transfusion of type B blood, the reaction that would occur is known as a transfusion reaction. Type AB blood contains both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, while type B blood contains only the B antigen.
In a transfusion reaction, the patient's immune system recognizes the foreign B antigens as "non-self" and triggers an immune response. This immune response involves the production of antibodies known as anti-B antibodies, which are naturally present in the plasma of type AB individuals. These antibodies are specifically designed to attach to and destroy red blood cells that have the B antigen.
Upon receiving a transfusion of type B blood, the patient's anti-B antibodies would immediately recognize the B antigens on the transfused red blood cells as foreign. The antibodies would bind to the B antigens and cause the red blood cells to clump together or agglutinate, leading to a condition called agglutination. This agglutination can obstruct blood vessels and prevent oxygen delivery, potentially causing serious complications such as organ damage, clotting, and potentially even death.
In summary, if a patient with type AB blood receives a transfusion of type B blood, their anti-B antibodies would react with the B antigens on the transfused red blood cells, leading to agglutination and potentially severe transfusion reactions. Therefore, it is essential to match blood types accurately in transfusions to prevent these adverse reactions.