How does coronary artery disease affect normal homeostasis of the cardiovascular system

blood flow to vital tissues (ie,O2 content) does not get to tissues in time/quantity to support cell functions.

Thank you for your response. Do you know of any websites where I can get more information pertaining to my question. It is for a research paper I am doing

How does coronary artery disease affect the normal homeostasis of the cardiovascular system

Coronary artery supplies blood to heart from where it goes to other tissue after purification .in CAD because of deposition cholesterol beneath arterial wall ,lumen becomes narrow so the system gets disturbed

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. This buildup restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to a host of potential consequences that significantly affect the normal homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.

To understand how CAD affects homeostasis, we need to delve into the principles of cardiovascular homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium or balance in various physiological processes. In the case of the cardiovascular system, homeostasis involves maintaining adequate blood flow, oxygen delivery, and blood pressure throughout the body.

CAD disrupts this balance in several ways:

1. Decreased Blood Flow: The narrowed or blocked coronary arteries reduce the amount of blood that can flow to the heart muscle. As a result, the heart receives less oxygen and nutrients, impairing its function and ultimately leading to ischemia (insufficient blood flow) or even myocardial infarction (heart attack). Reduced blood flow interferes with the normal delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart, which is vital for its proper functioning.

2. Inflammatory Response: The plaque buildup in the arteries triggers an inflammatory response in the blood vessels, leading to the formation of blood clots. These clots can further block the coronary arteries, exacerbating the reduction in blood flow. The presence of inflammation can also cause damage to the arterial walls, leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

3. Increased workload on the heart: As CAD progresses, the heart needs to work harder to pump blood through narrowed vessels, especially during physical activity or stress. This increased workload can result in cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart), a compensatory response to maintain cardiac output. However, over time, this can lead to heart failure, where the heart is no longer able to pump efficiently.

4. Altered Blood Pressure Regulation: CAD can disrupt the normal regulation of blood pressure. Reduced blood flow to the heart can cause a decrease in cardiac output, leading to a compensatory increase in blood pressure to maintain adequate perfusion to other organs. Additionally, blood vessels may become less flexible and unable to dilate and constrict properly, further contributing to increased blood pressure.

In summary, coronary artery disease disrupts the normal homeostasis of the cardiovascular system by reducing blood flow to the heart, promoting inflammation and blood clot formation, increasing the workload on the heart, and altering blood pressure regulation. These disturbances can lead to various complications, including chest pain (angina), heart attack, heart failure, and arrhythmias.