How do trees decompose?
rot fungus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-decay_fungus
http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module10/Decomposition.htm
Trees decompose through a natural process called decay or rotting. Decomposition occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and insects, break down the complex organic matter in wood into smaller, simpler compounds. These microorganisms play a crucial role in recycling nutrients and returning them to the soil.
To explain how trees decompose, we need to understand the basic steps involved:
1. Initial decay: After a tree dies, the first stage of decomposition begins. Bacteria and fungi colonize the tree, primarily at its surface, breaking down the outer layers of bark and converting it into simpler organic compounds. This stage is often facilitated by moisture, warmth, and oxygen availability.
2. Soft rot: As decay progresses, fungi and bacteria penetrate deeper into the wood, breaking down cellulose and hemicellulose, which are the main components of the tree's cell walls. This stage is known as soft rot because it primarily affects these softer components, leaving behind a brown, spongy material.
3. White rot: In the next stage, the decay becomes more extensive, and fungi begin to break down lignin, a more resistant compound found in the tree's cell wall. This process is called white rot because it turns the wood whitish and causes it to become softer and stringy.
4. Brown rot: Some types of fungi cause brown rot, which primarily targets cellulose while leaving lignin relatively intact. Brown rot causes the wood to become crumbly, with a brown or reddish coloration.
During decomposition, insects like termites, beetles, and wood borers may also contribute by breaking down the wood mechanically and aiding in the microbial breakdown process.
It's important to note that the rate of decomposition varies depending on various factors, including tree species, environmental conditions, and the presence of decomposers. In general, moist and warm environments with good oxygen supply promote faster decomposition.
Overall, the decomposition of trees is a vital part of the natural cycle, returning nutrients to the soil and providing resources for other organisms in the ecosystem.