Underline the gerund phrase in each sentence. Then, indicate whether the phrase functions as a subject (S), an object of a preposition (OP), a direct object (DO), an indirect object (IO), or a predicate nominative (PN).
1. Pablo Morales became known as the comeback kid of Olympic swimming.
ANSWER: Olympic swimming, (OP)
2. One of the goals of Morales's mother was having her children learn to swim at an early age.
ANSWER: having her children learn to swim at an early age, (PN)
3. Morales learned quickly, and soon he started winning junior championships.
ANSWER: winning junior championships, (DO)
4. As a student at Stanford University, he attracted attention by winning 11 NCAA championships.
ANSWER: winning 11 NCAA championships, (OP)
5. Competing in the 1984 Olympics brought him one gold medal and two silver medals.
ANSWER: Competing in the 1984 Olympics, (S)
6. Morales surprised everybody by failing to qualify for the 1988 Olympics.
ANSWER: failing to qualify for the 1988 Olympics,(OP)
7. After that, his new goal was earning a law degree.
ANSWER: earning a law degree, (PN)
8. When his mother died in 1991, Morales gave competitive swimming another chance.
ANSWER: swimming, (IO), chance, (DO)
9. Having only seven months to prepare made it difficult for him to qualify for the 1992 Olympics, but he did,
ANSWER: Having only seven months, (S)
10. He touched people's hearts by winning a gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly.
ANSWER: winning a gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly, (OP)
11. Swimmer Pablo Morales's goal was making the 1992 Olympic team.
ANSWER: making the 1992 Olympic team, (PN)
12. Watching Pablo swim at the Olympics was difficult for Pablo's father.
ANSWER: Watching Pablo swim, (S)
13. Mr. Morales coped with the tension by clutching a picture of his late wife.
ANSWER: clutching a picture of his late wife, (OP)
14. Pablo showed a winning style by earning two gold medals.
ANSWER: winning style, (DO), earning two gold medals, (OP)
15. In 1998, Morales returned to the limelight by heading a list of swimmers to be inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.
ANSWER: heading a list of swimmers (OP)
8 has only one gerund. The whole gerund phrase is competitive swimming.
9. You're missing two words in this gerund phrase.
12. Incomplete phrase
15. Incomplete phrase
Everything else is correct.
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1. Olympic swimming, (OP)
2. having her children learn to swim at an early age, (PN)
3. winning junior championships, (DO)
4. winning 11 NCAA championships, (OP)
5. Competing in the 1984 Olympics, (S)
6. failing to qualify for the 1988 Olympics, (OP)
7. earning a law degree, (PN)
8. swimming, (IO), chance, (DO)
9. Having only seven months, (S)
10. winning a gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly, (OP)
11. making the 1992 Olympic team, (PN)
12. Watching Pablo swim, (S)
13. clutching a picture of his late wife, (OP)
14. winning style, (DO), earning two gold medals, (OP)
15. heading a list of swimmers, (OP)
To find the gerund phrase in each sentence, you need to identify the -ing verb form and determine its function in the sentence. Here's how to do it for each sentence:
1. Pablo Morales became known as the comeback kid of Olympic swimming.
The gerund phrase is "Olympic swimming." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).
2. One of the goals of Morales's mother was having her children learn to swim at an early age.
The gerund phrase is "having her children learn to swim at an early age." In this sentence, it functions as a predicate nominative (PN).
3. Morales learned quickly, and soon he started winning junior championships.
The gerund phrase is "winning junior championships." In this sentence, it functions as a direct object (DO).
4. As a student at Stanford University, he attracted attention by winning 11 NCAA championships.
The gerund phrase is "winning 11 NCAA championships." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).
5. Competing in the 1984 Olympics brought him one gold medal and two silver medals.
The gerund phrase is "Competing in the 1984 Olympics." In this sentence, it functions as a subject (S).
6. Morales surprised everybody by failing to qualify for the 1988 Olympics.
The gerund phrase is "failing to qualify for the 1988 Olympics." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).
7. After that, his new goal was earning a law degree.
The gerund phrase is "earning a law degree." In this sentence, it functions as a predicate nominative (PN).
8. When his mother died in 1991, Morales gave competitive swimming another chance.
The gerund phrase is "swimming." In this sentence, it functions as an indirect object (IO). The word "chance" is the direct object (DO).
9. Having only seven months to prepare made it difficult for him to qualify for the 1992 Olympics, but he did.
The gerund phrase is "Having only seven months." In this sentence, it functions as a subject (S).
10. He touched people's hearts by winning a gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly.
The gerund phrase is "winning a gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).
11. Swimmer Pablo Morales's goal was making the 1992 Olympic team.
The gerund phrase is "making the 1992 Olympic team." In this sentence, it functions as a predicate nominative (PN).
12. Watching Pablo swim at the Olympics was difficult for Pablo's father.
The gerund phrase is "Watching Pablo swim." In this sentence, it functions as a subject (S).
13. Mr. Morales coped with the tension by clutching a picture of his late wife.
The gerund phrase is "clutching a picture of his late wife." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).
14. Pablo showed a winning style by earning two gold medals.
The gerund phrase is "earning two gold medals." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP). The phrase "winning style" is a noun phrase.
15. In 1998, Morales returned to the limelight by heading a list of swimmers to be inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.
The gerund phrase is "heading a list of swimmers." In this sentence, it functions as an object of a preposition (OP).