What is the percent by volume concentration of a solution containing 300.mL of isopropyl alcohol and enough water to give 400.ml of solution?Which component is the solute and which is the solvent?
Actually it makes little difference which we call the solute and which the solvent; however, usually we assign the solute to the smaller quantity and the solvent to the larger number. Or if solid/liquid, we usually call the solute the solid and the solvent the liquid. In the case of solutions of two liquids that are about 50%, the assignment often is arbitrary.
In this case I would assign isopropyl alcohol as the solute (even though it is the larger quantity) because the problem states the known quantity of alcohol as 300 mL (and the quantity of water is not known) so % alcohol = (300/400)*100 = 75% v/v. If you say it that way (75% alcohol v/v) you know the alcohol has been assigned as the solute and water as the solvent.
To find the percent by volume concentration of the solution, we need to determine the volume of the solute (isopropyl alcohol) and the volume of the solvent (water).
Given:
Volume of isopropyl alcohol (solute) = 300 mL
Total volume of solution = 400 mL
To determine the percent by volume, we can use the following formula:
Percent by volume = (volume of solute / volume of solution) x 100
Let's calculate the percent by volume concentration step-by-step:
1. Calculate the volume of the solvent (water):
Volume of solvent (water) = Total volume of solution - Volume of solute
Volume of solvent (water) = 400 mL - 300 mL
Volume of solvent (water) = 100 mL
2. Calculate the percent by volume concentration:
Percent by volume = (Volume of solute / Total volume of solution) x 100
Percent by volume = (300 mL / 400 mL) x 100
Percent by volume = 0.75 x 100
Percent by volume = 75%
Therefore, the percent by volume concentration of the solution is 75%.
As for the components, the solute is the isopropyl alcohol, and the solvent is the water.
To find the percent by volume concentration of a solution, you need to divide the volume of the solute by the total volume of the solution and multiply the result by 100.
In this case, the solute is isopropyl alcohol, and the solvent is water.
To calculate the percent by volume concentration, follow these steps:
1. Determine the volume of the solute: 300 mL.
2. Determine the total volume of the solution: 400 mL.
3. Divide the volume of the solute by the total volume of the solution:
(Volume of solute / Total volume of solution) * 100%
(300 mL / 400 mL) * 100%
= 0.75 * 100%
4. Calculate the final value:
0.75 * 100% = 75%
Therefore, the percent by volume concentration of the solution is 75%.
Isopropyl alcohol is the solute, and water is the solvent in this solution.