1. Explain why the melting points of ionic compounds and molecular compounds differ?
2. A.) What laboratory procedure allows you to test a compound is ionic or molecular?
b.) what results would you expect?
3. A.) What do we call the smallest particle of an element?
b.) what do we call the smallest particle in a compound with ionic bonds?
C.) what do we call the smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound?
Please help me on these thanks:)
1. The melting points of ionic compounds and molecular compounds differ due to the nature of their chemical bonds. Ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces of attraction. These bonds are very strong, requiring a large amount of energy to break and convert the solid into a liquid. As a result, ionic compounds generally have high melting points.
On the other hand, molecular compounds are made up of molecules held together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. These bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds, requiring less energy to break and convert the solid into a liquid. Hence, molecular compounds typically have lower melting points compared to ionic compounds.
2. a) One laboratory procedure that allows you to test whether a compound is ionic or molecular is the electrolysis test. Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through a solution or molten compound to observe the movement of ions. If the compound conducts electricity in the molten state or in a solution, it is likely an ionic compound.
b) If the compound conducts electricity during the electrolysis test, it suggests the presence of ions and indicates that the compound is ionic. In contrast, if the compound does not conduct electricity and remains non-reactive during the test, it points towards a molecular compound.
3. a) The smallest particle of an element is called an atom. An atom consists of a nucleus comprising protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
b) The smallest particle in a compound with ionic bonds is called an ion. An ion is formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. In an ionic compound, these ions are held together by electrostatic forces.
c) The smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound is called a molecule. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms share electrons through covalent bonds. In a covalently bonded compound, molecules are held together by the strong attraction between these shared electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved.