Carbonates react with acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide gas. When 22.1 g of calcium carbonate are reacted with sufficient hydrochloric acid, how many grams of calcium chloride will be produced?

CaCO3 + 2HCl ==> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

mols CaCO2 = grams/molar mass
Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert mols CaCO3 to mols CaCl2.
Now convert mols CaCl2 to g. g = mols x molar mass.

20

Carbon dioxide

To determine the number of grams of calcium chloride produced, we need to calculate the molar ratio between calcium carbonate and calcium chloride.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of calcium carbonate using its molar mass.

The molar mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can be calculated by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent elements:

Molar mass of CaCO3 = (1 * Atomic mass of Ca) + (1 * Atomic mass of C) + (3 * Atomic mass of O)
= (1 * 40.08 g/mol) + (1 * 12.01 g/mol) + (3 * 16.00 g/mol)
= 40.08 g/mol + 12.01 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol
= 100.09 g/mol

To find the number of moles, divide the given mass of calcium carbonate by its molar mass:

Number of moles of CaCO3 = Mass of CaCO3 / Molar mass of CaCO3
= 22.1 g / 100.09 g/mol

Next, we need to determine the molar ratio between calcium carbonate and calcium chloride by examining their respective balanced chemical equation. The balanced equation is:

CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

From the equation, we can see that one mole of calcium carbonate reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of calcium chloride. Therefore, the molar ratio between calcium carbonate and calcium chloride is 1:1.

Since the reaction has a 1:1 stoichiometry, the number of moles of calcium chloride produced will be equal to the number of moles of calcium carbonate used.

Number of moles of CaCl2 = Number of moles of CaCO3
= 22.1 g / 100.09 g/mol

Finally, we can calculate the mass of calcium chloride produced using its molar mass:

Mass of CaCl2 = Number of moles of CaCl2 * Molar mass of CaCl2

Now we have all the necessary information to solve the problem. Plug in the values and calculate the mass:

Mass of CaCl2 = (22.1 g / 100.09 g/mol) * Molar mass of CaCl2

Using the atomic masses, we find:

Molar mass of CaCl2 = (1 * Atomic mass of Ca) + (2 * Atomic mass of Cl)
= (1 * 40.08 g/mol) + (2 * 35.45 g/mol)
= 40.08 g/mol + 70.90 g/mol
= 110.98 g/mol

Now we can substitute this value into the equation:

Mass of CaCl2 = (22.1 g / 100.09 g/mol) * 110.98 g/mol

Simplifying the expression:

Mass of CaCl2 = 24.35 g

Therefore, approximately 24.35 grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 22.1 grams of calcium carbonate are reacted with sufficient hydrochloric acid.