According to Kant, we have no direct duties to animals because they lack personal attributes such as___________.

Question

my answer is all above could some one tell me if im correct.
a.
Rationality.
b.
Self-consciousness.
c.
Free will.
d.
All of the above.

Answer 1

According to Kantian ethics, the correct answer is option b: Self-consciousness. Immanuel Kant argued that we have direct moral duties only towards beings who possess rationality and self-consciousness, which are seen as central attributes of personhood. Since animals do not possess self-consciousness in the same way humans do, Kant believed we do not have direct duties towards animals. Therefore, the correct answer is option b.