During the ______ pathway, a host cell infected with a virus lyses and releases new virus particles. During the _______ pathway, viral DNA replicates along with the cell, but new viruses are not immediately produced.

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During the lytic pathway, a host cell infected with a virus lyses and releases new virus particles. During the lysogenic pathway, viral DNA replicates along with the cell, but new viruses are not immediately produced.

To understand these pathways, let's break down the terms:

1. Lytic Pathway: The lytic pathway is a type of viral replication cycle where the virus infects the host cell, takes over its cellular machinery, replicates its own genetic material, assembles new virus particles, and finally causes the host cell to lyse (burst open), releasing the newly formed viruses. This leads to the spread of the infection to other cells.

2. Lysogenic Pathway: The lysogenic pathway, also known as the latent or temperate pathway, is an alternative viral replication cycle where the virus infects the host cell but does not immediately induce cell lysis or production of new viruses. Instead, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell's genome and becomes dormant, forming a stable genetic relationship called a provirus. The host cell replicates its DNA along with the viral DNA during regular cell division, resulting in the vertical transmission of the viral DNA to daughter cells. At some point, external factors or triggers can reactivate the viral DNA, switching the provirus to the lytic pathway and initiating the production of new viruses.

So, during the lytic pathway, lysis of the host cell and the release of new virus particles occur, while during the lysogenic pathway, viral DNA replicates along with the cell, but new viruses are not immediately produced.

If you ever come across similar questions in the future, understanding the definitions of the specific terms and their roles will allow you to grasp the concept more effectively.