The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is able to form long cell envelope extensions that increase the surface area-to-volume ratio when placed in adverse environments. What is the likely function of these envelope extensions?

To acquire nutrients

To aid in cell division

To increase its biomass

To propel itself away from the adverse environment>>>>>>>>>>>?

To acquire nutrients

For you FLVS cheaters out there.

to acquire nutrients

Nutrients

To determine the likely function of the envelope extensions in Caulobacter crescentus, we can analyze each option and apply our knowledge of microbial behavior.

1. To acquire nutrients: While increasing surface area can potentially enhance nutrient uptake, Caulobacter crescentus is not known to have specific mechanisms in its envelope extensions for nutrient acquisition. The extensions primarily serve other purposes.

2. To aid in cell division: Caulobacter crescentus has a unique cell division process that involves the formation of two distinct cell types, known as stalked and swarmer cells. The envelope extensions assist in both the formation and separation of these two cell types during cell division. However, this function is specific to the cell division process and might not directly relate to adverse environments.

3. To increase its biomass: Caulobacter crescentus enlarges its biomass during exponential growth phases. While increasing surface area can indirectly contribute to biomass accumulation, this function alone does not fully explain the specific purpose of envelope extensions.

4. To propel itself away from the adverse environment: This is the most likely function of the envelope extensions in Caulobacter crescentus. In adverse environments, such as high levels of toxins or unfavorable nutrient conditions, these extensions allow the bacterium to propel itself away from the hostile environment and find a more favorable habitat. This movement aids in the survival and dispersal of Caulobacter crescentus.

Considering the available options, the function of the envelope extensions as a means of propelling away from adverse environments appears to be the most plausible explanation.