Composition A: 5% MgO - 95% SiO2
Composition B: 20% MgO - 80% SiO2
The two glasses above are soaked in molten calcium chloride (CaCl2) at the same temperature for a time long enough for the properties of the two glasses to approach a steady value.
What glass will have the larger increase in strength after treatment?
A
B
No change in either glass
Both glasses will be weaker
Composition C: 5% K2O - 95% SiO2
Composition D: 20% K2O - 80% SiO2
The two glasses above (C and D) are soaked in molten sodium chloride (NaCl) at the same temperature for a time long enough for the properties of the two glasses to approach a steady value.
What glass will have the larger increase in strength after treatment?
C
D
No change in either glass
Both glasses will be weaker
i think the former CaCl2 is A, not sure about Nacl
whoops i am so sorry its B
B and both glasses will be weaker
The principle behind this is to incorporate compressive stresses in the surface of your glass.
When you immerse your glass into a molten salt, the positive ions of the molten salt will migrate into your glass.
If the cation from the molten salt is greater in size than the cation modifier in the glass then it will strengthen the glass.
Since in the first question Glass B has more MgO modifier to exchange for Ca then it should be harder!!!
Now for the second one, notice than the molten salt cation is Na+ which is smaller than K+ so you should expect that this process would weaken your glass, both glasses because both of them contains K+ ions.
To determine which glass will have a larger increase in strength after treatment in each scenario, we need to consider the effect of the molten salts on the composition of the glasses.
For the first scenario, Composition A contains 5% MgO and Composition B contains 20% MgO. When these glasses are soaked in molten calcium chloride (CaCl2), the calcium ions (Ca2+) in the salt are likely to replace the magnesium ions (Mg2+) in the glass. Since Composition B has a higher initial concentration of MgO, it will have more magnesium ions available for substitution with calcium ions. This means that Composition B is expected to have a larger increase in strength after treatment compared to Composition A.
In the second scenario, Composition C contains 5% K2O and Composition D contains 20% K2O. When these glasses are soaked in molten sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium ions (Na+) in the salt are likely to replace the potassium ions (K+) in the glass. Similar to the first scenario, Composition D has a higher initial concentration of K2O, which means it will have more potassium ions available for substitution with sodium ions. Therefore, Composition D is expected to have a larger increase in strength after treatment compared to Composition C.
To summarize:
First scenario: Composition B will have a larger increase in strength after treatment.
Second scenario: Composition D will have a larger increase in strength after treatment.