6. Explain how you would prepare this solution from powdered reagents and whatever glassware you needed: 3.0 L of 1.3 M NaOH
To prepare a 3.0 L solution of 1.3 M NaOH from powdered reagents, you would need the following equipment and steps:
1. Glassware:
- A glass beaker or flask large enough to hold 3.0 L of solution
- Measuring cylinders or pipettes with appropriate capacity for measuring the required volumes accurately
- Stirring rod or magnetic stirrer to help mix the reagents
2. Reagents:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in powdered form
- Distilled water (or water of known purity)
Now, let's proceed with the preparation method:
Step 1: Calculation of the required amount of NaOH:
- Calculate the mass of NaOH needed using the formula: mass = molar concentration (M) x molar mass (g/mol) x volume (L)
- The molar mass of NaOH is 39.997 g/mol (sodium - 22.990 g/mol, oxygen - 15.999 g/mol, hydrogen - 1.008 g/mol)
- Multiply 1.3 M by 3.0 L to get the number of moles required
- Multiply the moles by the molar mass to get the mass of NaOH needed
Step 2: Dissolving NaOH in water:
- Start by measuring the calculated amount of NaOH powder using a balance
- Add some distilled water to the glass beaker or flask to partially dissolve the NaOH
- Use stirring rod or magnetic stirrer to assist in dissolving the NaOH completely
- Make sure all the NaOH particles are dissolved and the solution is clear
Step 3: Dilution with distilled water:
- Once the NaOH is completely dissolved, begin adding distilled water to reach the final volume of 3.0 L
- Gradually pour the water while stirring until the desired volume is achieved
- Continue stirring for a couple more minutes to ensure uniform mixing
Step 4: Final checks:
- Check the pH using pH paper or a pH meter to ensure the solution is within the desired range
- Adjust the pH, if necessary, by adding small quantities of either NaOH or acid to bring it to the desired level
Note: When working with NaOH, wear appropriate protective equipment like gloves and safety goggles as it is a strong base and can cause harm if mishandled. Ensure proper ventilation and follow all safety guidelines.
By following these steps and using the right equipment, you can prepare a 3.0 L solution of 1.3 M NaOH from powdered reagents.