Which of the following variables are independent and dependent?

1. Personality and Gender
2. Happiness
3. Scores

To determine which variables are independent and dependent, we need to understand their relationship.

1. Personality and Gender: In this case, gender is the independent variable, as it does not depend on any other factor. Personality, on the other hand, is the dependent variable, as it can be influenced by a variety of factors including gender, environment, genetics, etc. To study the relationship between personality and gender, researchers might collect data on individuals' personalities and compare them across different genders to see if there are any significant differences.

2. Happiness: This variable can be either independent or dependent, depending on the situation. If you are asking about a specific study or research question, please provide more context. Generally, happiness can be influenced by various factors such as personal experiences, relationships, socioeconomic status, and genetics. In a research study, happiness could be either the independent variable, if researchers are investigating how certain factors (e.g., income, social connections) affect happiness, or the dependent variable, if researchers are interested in measuring the impact of an intervention (e.g., therapy, medication) on individuals' happiness.

3. Scores: Without additional information about what these scores represent, it is difficult to determine whether they are independent or dependent variables. Scores could refer to test scores, survey responses, or any other type of quantitative measurement. In a research context, scores could be either the independent variable, if researchers are interested in assessing how different factors influence scores, or the dependent variable, if researchers are investigating the impact of an intervention or treatment on individuals' scores.

In summary, the classification of variables as independent or dependent depends on the specific research question being asked and the context in which the variables are being studied.