List materials that are commonly found at home or in school that have:
a. Different structures and exhibit different properties
b. The same chemical make-up (composition) but with different structures, hence, different properties
c. The same properties but with different chemical composition and structure.
a. a pencil and a book (totally different materials)
b. this can be aldehyde and ketones
c. salt and metal. they both conduct electricity though they have different structures.
a. Different structures and exhibit different properties:
1. Wood: Different types of wood have different structures and properties. For example, hardwoods like oak and maple have dense structures and are known for their durability, while softwoods like pine and cedar have less dense structures and are more lightweight.
2. Glass: It is a transparent material made from silica, which has an amorphous structure. Different glass compositions can result in properties like high transparency, thermal resistance, and resistance to chemicals.
3. Plastic: There are various types of plastics with different structures and properties. For instance, polyethylene has a linear structure and is known for its toughness, while polystyrene has a rigid structure and is commonly used in packaging.
4. Metal: Metals like iron, aluminum, and copper have different crystal structures, which influence their properties. For instance, iron can have a body-centered cubic structure (soft and ductile) or a face-centered cubic structure (hard and brittle), resulting in different properties.
b. The same chemical make-up (composition) but with different structures, hence, different properties:
1. Diamond and graphite: Both are composed of carbon atoms, yet they have different structures. Diamond has a rigid, three-dimensional structure and is the hardest known material, while graphite has a layered structure and is soft and a good conductor of electricity.
2. Amorphous and crystalline forms of silicon dioxide: Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is commonly found in the form of quartz, which has a crystalline structure and is used in jewelry. On the other hand, amorphous silica (e.g., glass) is made up of silicon dioxide with a disordered structure.
c. The same properties but with different chemical composition and structure:
1. Water and hydrogen peroxide: Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both have similar properties, such as being colorless, transparent, and exhibiting high boiling points. However, they have different chemical compositions and structures. Water has a bent molecular structure, while hydrogen peroxide has a non-linear molecular structure with an additional oxygen atom.