The marketing manager at Massimino & McCarthy, a chain of retail stores that sells men's clothing, is reviewing marketing research data to try to determine if changes in marketing strategy are needed. Which of the following sources of data would be a secondary data source?

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To determine which of the following sources of data would be a secondary data source, let's first understand what secondary data means. Secondary data refers to the information that is already collected by someone else or an organization for a purpose other than the current research project.

The options provided are not mentioned in the question, but I'll provide some common examples of sources that typically provide secondary data:

1. Online research databases: Marketing research databases like MarketResearch.com or Nielsen provide data collected for various studies that can be used by researchers for secondary analysis.

2. Government publications: Government agencies often collect and publish data on various topics, including market trends, consumer behavior, and economic indicators. These publications can serve as secondary sources of data.

3. Industry reports and publications: Reports generated by market research firms, industry associations, or trade magazines can provide valuable secondary data related to specific sectors or markets.

4. Internal company records: In the context of the question, the marketing manager can review sales records, customer purchase history, or past marketing campaigns conducted by the retail stores as secondary data sources.

When considering the options, you should look for sources that have already collected data that could be relevant to the marketing manager's research objectives.