1.a. Fisrt identify one environmental or human factor that causes ill health. In 10-15 lines discuss 5 ways in which the human or environmental problem impacts on the community. Provide relevant sources to support your claims.(10) marks. 2.b. Provide recommendation on how to address the topic that you identified in the previous question. (15) marks. 3.c. Name two institutions/community organizations that are involved in supporting or giving redress to these disasters. Explain how these organizations are involved in providing a safe and healthy environment. (suggestion; find out about NGO'S or other organization in your community or city) 10
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1.a. One environmental factor that can cause ill health is air pollution. Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere, such as particulate matter, chemicals, and gases, that can have adverse effects on human health. Here are five ways in which air pollution impacts the community:
1. Respiratory Problems: Breathing in polluted air can lead to various respiratory issues, such as asthma, bronchitis, and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 4.2 million premature deaths occur each year due to ambient air pollution.
2. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. The fine particles present in polluted air can enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation, leading to these health problems.
3. Reduced Lung Function: Prolonged exposure to air pollution can result in reduced lung function over time. This can affect the overall health and quality of life of individuals, particularly the elderly and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
4. Impaired Cognitive Function: Studies have shown that air pollution can have detrimental effects on cognitive function, especially in children. Exposure to pollutants like fine particles and nitrogen dioxide has been associated with lower intelligence levels, impaired memory, and reduced academic performance.
5. Increased Mortality Rates: The harmful effects of air pollution can ultimately lead to increased mortality rates in the community. Long-term exposure to pollutants can contribute to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, which can be fatal.
Sources:
- World Health Organization (WHO): Air Pollution - https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Health Effects of Air Pollution - https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-management-process/health-effects-air-pollution
2.b. To address the issue of air pollution, several recommendations can be implemented:
1. Reduce Emissions: Governments and industries should enforce stricter regulations on emissions from vehicles, factories, power plants, and other sources. Implementing technologies like catalytic converters, filters, and clean energy alternatives can help reduce pollution levels.
2. Promote Renewable Energy: Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can help in transitioning away from fossil fuels. This would reduce air pollution from power generation and contribute to a healthier environment.
3. Improve Public Transportation: Developing efficient public transportation systems and encouraging their use can decrease the number of vehicles on the road, thus reducing air pollution. Investing in electric or hybrid buses can further mitigate emissions.
4. Raise Awareness and Education: Educating communities about the health risks associated with air pollution and promoting individual actions like carpooling, using bicycles, and reducing energy consumption can contribute to positive change.
5. Support Green Spaces: Increasing green spaces, parks, and trees in urban areas can act as natural filters, absorbing pollutants and improving overall air quality. Urban planning should prioritize the incorporation of green infrastructure.
3.c. Two institutions/community organizations involved in supporting or providing redress to these disasters are:
1. Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs, such as the Sierra Club, Greenpeace, and Friends of the Earth, play a critical role in advocating for environmental protection and addressing air pollution. They raise awareness, conduct research, and lobby for stricter regulations to combat pollution.
2. Local Health Departments and Agencies: Public health departments and agencies at regional or municipal levels often work towards ensuring a safe and healthy environment. They monitor air quality, enforce regulations, and provide guidelines to both individuals and industries to mitigate pollution-related health risks.
These organizations are involved in providing a safe and healthy environment by conducting research, raising awareness, advocating for policy changes, and working closely with communities to address the impacts of air pollution. They also provide resources and support to individuals and communities affected by pollution-related health issues.