what are the changes of statein which energy is increased
The changes of state in which energy is increased involve a phase transition from a lower energy state to a higher energy state. There are three main changes of state where energy is increased:
1. Melting: This is the change of state from a solid to a liquid. In this process, energy is added to a substance, usually in the form of heat, causing the particles to gain enough energy to break free from their fixed positions and move more freely. The added energy increases the system's internal energy.
2. Vaporization: This is the change of state from a liquid to a gas. During this process, energy is added to the liquid, causing the particles to gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together. The added energy allows the particles to separate and become a gas, resulting in an increase in the system's internal energy.
3. Sublimation: This is the change of state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Sublimation occurs when the solid substance absorbs enough energy to break the intermolecular forces between its particles and transform directly into a gas. The added energy increases the system's internal energy.
To determine the specific energy changes associated with these phase transitions, you can use the equations of thermodynamics, such as the specific heat capacity and the heat of vaporization/sublimation/melting, along with the amount of substance involved. These equations allow you to calculate the amount of energy required to undergo these state changes.