Plan,design and conduct an investion to find out whether the amount of heat(gas) produced will depend on an increase on the concentration of Hcl when Hcl reacts with an excess zn..guidance/hint...you may investigate either the amount of heat produced or the amount of gas produced(make choice from the start to avoid confusion and write your topic accordingly).you are also not restricted to Hcl and zn as reactants only,you may decide to use your own choice of reactants but check if the reaction is exothermic for heat produced or gas will be produced
To investigate whether the amount of heat produced depends on the increase in concentration of HCl when reacting with an excess of Zn, you may choose to investigate either the amount of heat produced or the amount of gas produced. Let's choose to investigate the amount of heat produced in this experiment. Here's a step-by-step guide to plan, design, and conduct the investigation:
1. Materials and Equipment:
- HCl solution with different concentrations (e.g., 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, etc.)
- Zinc metal (Zn) in excess amount
- Thermometer
- Calorimeter (an insulated container to measure heat changes)
- Stirring rod
- Stopwatch or timer
- Safety equipment (lab coat, goggles, gloves)
2. Safety Precautions:
- Wear appropriate safety equipment to protect yourself from any potential hazards.
- Work in a well-ventilated area or conduct the experiment under a fume hood.
- Handle HCl and Zn with care as they can be corrosive and harmful.
3. Experimental Set-up:
- Set up the calorimeter by filling it with a known amount of water.
- Measure and record the initial temperature of the water using the thermometer.
- Place the calorimeter on a stable surface.
4. Experimental Procedure:
a. Measure and record the mass of the excess zinc metal accurately.
b. Add the desired concentration of HCl (e.g., 10 mL) to the calorimeter containing water.
c. Quickly add the excess zinc metal to the HCl solution in the calorimeter.
d. Stir the mixture gently using the stirring rod.
e. Start the stopwatch or timer to measure the time throughout the reaction.
f. Continuously monitor and record the temperature changes inside the calorimeter.
g. Observe any effervescence (gas formation) during the reaction.
h. Allow the reaction to proceed until no further significant temperature changes are observed.
i. Once the reaction is completed, observe and record the final temperature inside the calorimeter.
5. Data Collection and Analysis:
a. Calculate the change in temperature (∆T) by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature.
b. Calculate the heat gained by the water using the formula: q = m * c * ∆T, where:
- q is the heat gained (in J or Joules)
- m is the mass of water (in grams)
- c is the specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J/(g·°C))
- ∆T is the change in temperature (in °C)
c. Repeat the experiment with different concentrations of HCl and record the corresponding heat gained values.
d. Plot a graph of heat gained (y-axis) against the concentration of HCl (x-axis).
e. Analyze the graph to observe any trends or patterns. If there is a proportional relationship between the concentration of HCl and the heat gained, it suggests that the amount of heat produced does depend on the increase in HCl concentration.
Remember, this experiment is focused on heat production. If you aim to investigate the amount of gas produced, you would need to collect and measure the volume of gas produced in a gas syringe or through displacement of water in a graduated cylinder.