City States:

1,How does an empire differ from a city-state?
A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of another local government. An empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch.

How did Hammurabi’s law code advance civilization?
It was the first law code to give punishment without bias of rank and status in the community. Everyone was treated equally in the law of the land.
What was the main difference between the flooding of the Nile and that of the rivers in Mesopotamia?
The difference was that the rivers of Mesopotamia, the Euphrates and Tigress, flooded unpredictably, while the Nile flooded predictably.
Why were Egypt’s pharaohs unusually powerful rulers?
The Egyptian pharaoh's were powerful because the people saw them as gods.
What were the main achievements of the ancient Egyptians?
-They built great Pyramids -They invented Hieroglyphics, a system of writing using characters in the form of pictures. -They invented the Calendar. -They used a loom to weave cloth for clothing. -They invented the Shadoof, a cranelike device for lifting water from the Nile. -They made paper from the papyrus reed plant. -They knew about diseases and attempted to cure people of them.-They knew about geometry by using it to reset the boundaries for their fields after the floods of the Nile.-They created a type of government known as the kingdom and established dynasties.-They had specialized skills (brick making, building pyramids) and specialized occupations such as scribes, carpenters, makers of shoes, baskets, etc.-They used a form of astronomy in their calendar. It was "accurate" with 365 days based on the star Sirius.

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Here are the main achievements of the ancient Egyptians:

1. Building Great Pyramids: The ancient Egyptians built massive pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. These structures still stand today as a testament to their architectural and engineering skills.

2. Inventing Hieroglyphics: The ancient Egyptians developed a system of writing known as hieroglyphics, which used characters in the form of pictures. It allowed them to record and communicate information effectively.

3. Creating the Calendar: The Egyptians developed a calendar system based on the solar year, consisting of 365 days. This calendar was mostly accurate and helped them organize agricultural activities and religious ceremonies.

4. Inventing the Loom: The Egyptians invented a loom, a device used for weaving cloth. This invention revolutionized the textile industry and allowed them to create clothing and other textiles more efficiently.

5. Developing the Shadoof: The shadoof was a crane-like device used for lifting water from the Nile River. It played a crucial role in irrigating crops and contributed to the agricultural success of ancient Egypt.

6. Papermaking: The ancient Egyptians created a type of paper from the papyrus reed plant. This innovation provided them with a versatile and durable writing material.

7. Advancement in Medicine: The Egyptians had knowledge about diseases and attempted to cure people of them. They used herbal remedies, surgical procedures, and other medical techniques to treat various ailments.

8. Knowledge of Geometry: The Egyptians used geometry for practical purposes, such as resetting the boundaries of fields after the floods of the Nile. They also used geometric principles in their architectural designs.

9. Government Structure: Ancient Egypt had a type of government known as a kingdom. They established dynasties and had a hierarchical system of rulership under the pharaoh. This stable governance structure allowed for the development and prosperity of the civilization.

10. Specialized Skills and Occupations: The Egyptians had specialized skills in areas such as brick-making and pyramid construction. They also had specialized occupations like scribes, carpenters, and artisans, who contributed to the overall functioning and productivity of their society.

11. Astronomy and Calendar: The Egyptians used astronomy to develop their calendar, which was based on the star Sirius. This calendar served as a practical and accurate system for tracking time and organizing agricultural activities.

Overall, the achievements of the ancient Egyptians laid the foundation for many aspects of civilization, including architecture, writing, mathematics, medicine, and governance. Their innovations and advancements contributed significantly to the development of human civilization as a whole.

To answer your questions about city-states, Hammurabi's law code, the flooding of the Nile and rivers in Mesopotamia, Egypt's pharaohs, and the achievements of ancient Egyptians, here are the explanations on how to find the answers:

1. How does an empire differ from a city-state?
To understand the difference between an empire and a city-state, you can research the definitions and characteristics of both terms. Look for reliable sources that explain the political structure, territory, and governance of empires and city-states. You can start by searching for articles or books that discuss ancient empires and city-states and compare their key features.

2. How did Hammurabi’s law code advance civilization?
To understand how Hammurabi's law code advanced civilization, you can research the historical significance of this legal system. Look for reliable sources that explain the impact of Hammurabi's code on society, such as articles or books that discuss the development of law and justice systems in ancient civilizations. Analyze how Hammurabi's code brought about fairer treatment and equal punishment in society.

3. What was the main difference between the flooding of the Nile and that of the rivers in Mesopotamia?
To understand the main difference between the flooding of the Nile and the rivers in Mesopotamia, you can research the geographical and climatic factors that influenced the flooding patterns of these regions. Look for reliable sources that explain the nature of the Nile and the Mesopotamian rivers, such as articles or books that discuss the environmental conditions and agricultural practices in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

4. Why were Egypt’s pharaohs unusually powerful rulers?
To understand why Egypt's pharaohs were unusually powerful rulers, you can research the religious and cultural beliefs of ancient Egyptians. Look for reliable sources that explain the divine status attributed to pharaohs and their role as political and religious leaders. Articles or books discussing ancient Egyptian mythology, society, and governance can provide insights into the sources of pharaohs' power.

5. What were the main achievements of the ancient Egyptians?
To understand the main achievements of the ancient Egyptians, you can research their contributions in various fields. Look for reliable sources that discuss ancient Egyptian civilization, such as articles or books on their architecture, writing systems, inventions, and cultural practices. By studying these sources, you can compile a list of the significant achievements of ancient Egyptians, as you mentioned in your question.