Determine if the following substances are soluble (at room temperature, 1 atm) in water or in hexane (:
grease and CS2
how do you know this
To determine the solubility of substances in water or hexane, we need to consider the intermolecular forces and the polarity of the substances.
1. Grease: Grease is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and may contain polar or nonpolar compounds. In general, grease is insoluble in water because water is a polar solvent while most components of grease are nonpolar. Nonpolar substances do not dissolve easily in polar solvents like water. Grease, therefore, is typically soluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane.
2. CS2 (Carbon disulfide): CS2 is a nonpolar compound composed of carbon and sulfur atoms. Nonpolar substances like CS2 are generally insoluble in water, which is a polar solvent. The polar water molecules are not attracted to the nonpolar CS2 molecules, so they do not mix well. However, CS2 is highly soluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane due to similar intermolecular forces between CS2 molecules and hexane molecules.
To summarize:
- Grease is typically insoluble in water but soluble in hexane.
- CS2 is insoluble in water but soluble in hexane.
Keep in mind that the above predictions are based on general principles of solubility and may not be true for every specific case. Experimentation or consulting reliable sources can provide more accurate solubility information for particular substances.