You have a single crystal of 100% pure gold. Identify which of the following defects you would expect to be present at room temperature.
Free Surface
Gain Boundaries
Vacancies
Inclusions
Substitutional impurity atoms
interstitial impurity atoms.
Thank you.
Responded elsewhere.
Free Surface
Vacancies
thanks
To identify which defects would be present in a single crystal of 100% pure gold at room temperature, we need to understand the nature of these defects and their likelihood of occurring.
1. Free Surface: A free surface defect occurs when the crystal terminates and is exposed to the environment. Since we are considering a single crystal, there are no free surfaces in this case.
2. Grain Boundaries: Grain boundaries are interfaces between two distinct regions of a crystal with different orientations. However, a single crystal contains only one unified structure, so there are no grain boundaries present.
3. Vacancies: Vacancies are defects where an atom is missing from its expected lattice position. Even in 100% pure gold, some vacancies can still exist due to thermal fluctuations. Therefore, we would expect vacancies to be present, including at room temperature.
4. Inclusions: Inclusions are foreign materials trapped within a crystal during its formation. However, since we are considering a 100% pure gold crystal, there should be no inclusions present.
5. Substitutional Impurity Atoms: Substitutional impurity atoms occur when foreign atoms replace some of the original atoms in the crystal lattice. However, since we are considering 100% pure gold, there should be no substitutional impurity atoms present.
6. Interstitial Impurity Atoms: Interstitial impurity atoms occur when foreign atoms occupy the interstitial spaces between atoms in the crystal lattice. Similarly, since we are considering 100% pure gold, there should be no interstitial impurity atoms present.
So, the defects that we would expect to be present in a single crystal of 100% pure gold at room temperature are vacancies.