Select the delta H values associated with the dissolution of lithium chloride that are exothermic.
delta H1: energy associated with the separation of water molecules
delta H2: energy associated with the separation of ions
delta H3: energy associated with the formation of water-ion interactions
delta Hsoln: the enthalpy of solution
delta H3: energy associated with the formation of water-ion interactions
delta Hsoln: the enthalpy of solution
To determine which delta H values associated with the dissolution of lithium chloride are exothermic, we need to understand that exothermic processes release energy and result in a decrease in enthalpy (delta H). Here are the values that indicate an exothermic dissolution:
1. delta H2: energy associated with the separation of ions - This value represents the energy required to separate the lithium and chloride ions in the solid state, and it is exothermic when the ions are attracted to each other in the solid.
2. delta Hsoln: the enthalpy of solution - This value represents the overall energy change when lithium chloride dissolves in water. If the dissolving process releases energy, it is exothermic.
On the other hand, delta H1 (energy associated with the separation of water molecules) and delta H3 (energy associated with the formation of water-ion interactions) are not directly related to the dissolution of lithium chloride and may not indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic.
Therefore, delta H2 and delta Hsoln are the delta H values associated with the dissolution of lithium chloride that can be exothermic.
To identify the exothermic delta H values associated with the dissolution of lithium chloride, we need to understand the meaning of each delta H term provided.
1. Delta H1: This refers to the energy associated with the separation of water molecules. However, it is not directly relevant to the dissolution of lithium chloride and is unrelated to the question.
2. Delta H2: This represents the energy associated with the separation of ions. When lithium chloride dissolves in water, the solid lattice of LiCl breaks apart, releasing the Li+ and Cl- ions. As this process involves the separation of ions, it is likely to be exothermic.
3. Delta H3: This is the energy associated with the formation of water-ion interactions. When the Li+ and Cl- ions are released into the water, they interact with the water molecules through ion-dipole attractions. Since these interactions involve the formation of new bonds and a decrease in the potential energy of the system, the energy change is typically exothermic.
4. Delta Hsoln: This refers to the enthalpy of solution, which is the overall energy change accompanying the dissolution process. It takes into account the energy changes associated with the separation of ions, formation of water-ion interactions, as well as any other energy changes occurring during dissolution. As the dissolution of lithium chloride in water usually releases heat to the surroundings, the delta Hsoln value is typically exothermic.
Therefore, the exothermic delta H values associated with the dissolution of lithium chloride are likely delta H2, delta H3, and delta Hsoln.