explain why a precipitate forms when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution?
The reaction will yield sodium nitrate and silver chloride. Sodium Nitrate will always be soluble. Chloride is soluble except when reacted with silver.
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When silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution, a precipitate forms due to a chemical reaction called a double displacement reaction. In this reaction, the positive ion of one compound swaps places with the positive ion of the other compound.
Let's break down the reaction step by step:
1. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is a soluble compound in water, meaning it dissolves and forms freely moving silver ions (Ag+) and nitrate ions (NO3-) in solution.
2. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is also soluble in water, dissociating into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) in solution.
3. When these two solutions are mixed, the silver ions (Ag+) from the silver nitrate react with the chloride ions (Cl-) from the sodium chloride to form solid silver chloride (AgCl). This reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:
Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) -> AgCl(s)
4. Silver chloride (AgCl) is a sparingly soluble compound, meaning it has limited solubility in water. As a result, it cannot remain dissolved in the solution and precipitates as a solid.
The formation of the solid silver chloride (AgCl) is responsible for the observed precipitate. The solid particles of silver chloride are visible, giving the solution a cloudy or milky appearance.
When silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution is added to sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, a precipitate forms because of a chemical reaction known as a double displacement reaction. Here's how you can understand why a precipitate forms in this reaction:
1. Understand the nature of the reactants:
- Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is an ionic compound consisting of Ag+ ions and NO3- ions.
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is also an ionic compound composed of Na+ ions and Cl- ions.
2. Determine the reactants and products of the double displacement reaction:
- In this reaction, Ag+ ions from silver nitrate react with Cl- ions from sodium chloride to form AgCl, which is insoluble in water and therefore precipitates out.
- The other combination of ions, Na+ and NO3-, remains in solution since they do not form a precipitate.
3. Understand the formation of the precipitate:
- AgCl is a sparingly soluble salt, meaning it does not dissolve easily in water.
- When Ag+ ions and Cl- ions come into contact with each other, they combine to form AgCl, which appears as a solid precipitate due to its limited solubility.
4. Observe the reaction:
- When silver nitrate is added to sodium chloride, you will see a milky white precipitate of AgCl forming in the solution. This precipitate indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Overall, the formation of a precipitate in this reaction demonstrates the exchange of ions and the limited solubility of AgCl, resulting in the formation of a solid substance that falls out of the solution.